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41 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is the most potent androgen secreted in the body?
Testosterone
Where is most of the testosterone secreted from in males and in females?
Males-Leydig cells in testes
Females - Adrenal cortex and ovaries.
Which enzyme converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone?
5a-reductase
Which enzyme converts testosterone into estradiol
Aromatase.
What pituitary hormone controls testosterone release?
LH
Which pituitary hormone stimulates spermatogenesis?
FSH
What hormones are involved in spermatogenesis?
FSH stimulates spermatogenesis
Testosterone- maintains spermatogenesis.
Which hormone is the more active version of testosterone in many tissues in the body?
DHT (dihydrotestosterone)
Which tissues are more responsive to testosterone as compared to DHT?
Hypothalamus and Pituitary
A deficiency of DHT in the developing fetus will result in what?
Lack of development of male genitalia.
Why is DHT more active than testosterone in many tissues?
It has a higher affinity for cellular receptors.
DHT receptor complex is more readily transported to the nucleus.
If a patient presents with a clinical presentation of androgen deficiency but normal testosterone levels, what is the problem?
5a- reductase deficiency.
What mode of testosterone administration is most effective?
Injection. Oral testosterone has a high first pass effect.
Methyltestosterone
17a substitution on testosterone
Has androgenic and anabolic effects. Orally active (Type B)
Mesterolone
Ring alteration of testosterone
Orally active (Type C)
Enanthate, Cypionate
17B substitution of testosterone
Injected weekly or monthly
Delayed absorption.
Metabolized to testosterone
(Type A drugs)
What is significant about Type B or C modifications of testosterone?
It makes the resulting drugs orally active. Usually not metabolized back to testosterone
Associated with liver toxicity and cancer.
What is a Type A modification of testosterone?
Causes a delayed absorption of testosterone.
Metabolized back to testosterone in the body.
Nortestosterone esters
Type AC drugs
Methanolone
Type AC drug
Flouxymesterone
Type BC drug. anabolic effects are greater than androgenic.
Methandrostenolone
Type BC drug. Anabolic effects are greater than anabolic
Danazol
Type BC drug
Stanzolol
Anabolic steroid with some androgenic effects.
Oxandrolone
Large anabolic effects and some androgenic effects.
How do you treat hypogonadism?
(Klinefelters)
Long acting testosterone esters. Enanthate or Cypionate.
What is the treatment for secondary testicular failure?
(Prader Willi)
Due to lack of LH/FSH or GnRH. Treat underlying hypogonadism or substiute with androgens.
What is the effect of testosterone treatment in anemia?
It increases RBC development and is used to treat anemia in females.
May cause hepatocellular carcinomas.
What is Danazol used to treat/
Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema.
Defect in complement cascade inhibitor.
Androgens increase hepatic synthesis of complement inhibitor.
What is the effect of anabolics on muscle wasting?
They decrease or reverse muscle wasting. Given to counter the long term effects of anti-inflammatory steroids.
What is the effect of long term androgen use on spermatogenesis?
It decreases the release of LH and FSH. Leads to decreased production of sperm.
How does long term use of anabolic steroids cause gynecomastia?
Increased testosterone is converted ot estradiole in fat tissue by aromatase.
What are the effects of anabolics on the liver?
Increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
What are the effects of anabolics on the lipid management in the body?
They decrease HDL and increase LDL.
Leuprolide acetate
GnRH analog. Continuous administration causes a decrease in LH/FSH. Decreases androgen production in the body.
Goserelin
GnRH analog. Continuous administration causes a decrease in LH/FSH. Decreases androgen production in the body.
Ketoconazole
Blocks steroid hormone synthesis. Requires high doses.
Can cause gynecomastia
Finasteride
5a-reductase inhibitor. Blocks hirsutism in females and is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Cyproterone acetate, Flutamide
Androgen receptor antagonists.
Blocks the effects of androgens on target tissue
Gossypol
Extract of cottonseed. Destroys the semeniferous epithelium. Blocks spermatogenesis without blocking endocrine function.
What is combined therapy in male contraception?
GnRh supression + Testosterone. Prevents side effects of using testosterone alone.