Anp Lab Exercise 13 Nervous Tissue

Front 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Back 1

brain and spinal cord, coordinates and integrates info received from sensory receptors and intiates and transmits impulses to neurons, muscles, or glandsto maintain homeostasis.

Front 2

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Back 2

nerves and ganglia outside the CNS

Front 3

Afferent (toward the CNS) Division

Back 3

sensory receptors and nerves, transmit impulses to the CNS.

Front 4

Sensory Receptor

Back 4

detect changes in the environment and transmit the impulse along sensory (afferent) nerves to the CNS.

Front 5

Efferent (away from CNS) Division

Back 5

motor nerves that tranmsit impulses from the CNS toward effertors (neurons or glands).

Front 6

Neurons

Back 6

cells that conduct AP and are the basic structural and functional units of nervous tissue.

Front 7

Neuroglia

Back 7

cells of nervous tissue that support , protect, supply nutrients, and facilitate neuron transmission. Cell are smaller and more abundant, six basic types

Front 8

A) Astrocytes

Back 8

found in CNS, star shaped appearance, perivascular feet wrap around neurons and blood vessels to keep neurons in place and guide neurons during development.

Front 9

Blood-Brain Barrier

Back 9

formed by astrocytes, surrounds and protects the brain (neurons) from unwanted substances.

Front 10

B) Oligodendrocytes

Back 10

found in the CNS, support neurons by wrapping myelin sheaths aorund axons, increase the speed of transmission of impulses.

Front 11

C) Microglia

Back 11

found in the CNS, phagocytic cells that engulf debris and pathogens.

Front 12

D) Ependymal Cells

Back 12

ciliated cells that line the 4 ventricals of the brain , central canal of the spinal cord, producing and moving cerebral spinal fluid (CSF.

Front 13

E) Schwann Cells

Back 13

found in the PNS, flattened cells wrap and form a myelin sheath around axons, increase transmission speed and aid in regeneration of PNS axons.

Front 14

F) Satellite Cells

Back 14

found in the PNS, flattened supportin cells that wrap around cell bodies of neurons in PNS ganglia.

Front 15

Structure of Neurons

Back 15

A)Dendrites
B)Cell Body
1. Axon Hillock
C) Axon
1. Trigger Zone
2. Axon Collaterals
3. Axon Terminals

Front 16

Dendrites

Back 16

receives impulses, many short processes extending from the cell body, may generate a grade potential.

Front 17

Cell Body

Back 17

contains the nucleus and organelles needed to maintain the neuron.

Front 18

Axon Hillock

Back 18

triangular shaped are that joins th cell body to the axon.

Front 19

Axon

Back 19

single, long process that carries impulses away from the cell body towards the effector.

Front 20

Trigger Zone

Back 20

1st part of axon where AP arise.

Front 21

Axon Collaterals

Back 21

side branches of the axon.

Front 22

Axon Terminals

Back 22

fine processes found at the ends of axon and axon collaterals. Neurotransmitters are released from axon terminals to transmit an impulse across a synapse toward an effector or another neuron.

Front 23

Structural Classifications of Neurons

Back 23

A. Multipolar Neurons
B. Bipolar Neurons
C. Unipolar Neurons

Front 24

Multipolar Neurons

Back 24

many dendrites and 1axon , most neurons of the CNS are mulitpolar

Front 25

Bipolar Neurons

Back 25

1 dendrite and 1 axon, found in special senses (ear, eye, olfactory).

Front 26

Unipolar Neurons

Back 26

1 process, an axon, dendrites are attached to the axon, sensroy neurons of the skin, muscles, and organs, carrying info to the CNS.

Front 27

Functional Classification of Neurons

Back 27

A) Sensory (afferent) Neurons
B) Interneuron (assosciation nueron)
B) Motor (efferent) Neurons

Front 28

Sensory (afferent) Neurons

Back 28

transmit environmental changes detected bt receptors (stimulus) from receptors to the CNS, general sensory neurons are unipolar.

Front 29

Interneurons (assosciation neurons)

Back 29

90% of the neurons in the CNS, connects sensory neurons to other interneurons and/or motor neurons. unmyelinated multipolar.

Front 30

Motor (efferent) neurons

Back 30

carry impulses from the CNS towards effectors, multipolar.

Front 31

Myelin Sheath

Back 31

insulated wrappings around axon produced by oligodendrocytes (CNS), and schwann cells (PNS). layers are similar to plasma membranes (80% lipid, 20% protein). Provides protection, insulation, increase speed of impulse transmission, helps generate damaged PNS axons.

Front 32

Neurolemma

Back 32

outer layer of the myelin sheath of a schwann cell where most of the cytoplasm annd nuclei is located.

Front 33

Nodes of Ranvier

Back 33

"gaps" b/w myelin sheath on axons allowing impulses to be conducted quickly, more neurons in the PNS.

Front 34

Myelinated Fibers

Back 34

myelinated axons

Front 35

Unmyelinated Fibers

Back 35

axons that are not myelinated , but only have thin coating of ogligodendrocyte or schwann cell plasma membrane covering the axon, slower conduction rate.

Front 36

White Matter

Back 36

groups of myelinated axons in the CNS that form tracts and have a white color.

Front 37

Gray Matter

Back 37

neuron cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, and neuroglia (integration)

Front 38

Nuclei

Back 38

clusters of neurons (gray matter) in the brain with a common function.