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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Phylum Annelida
1. when 2. # species 3. 3 classes + examples |
1. 570mya
2. 9000 species 3. -Class Polychaeta (clamworms) -Oligochaeta (earthworms) -Hirudinea (leeches) |
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When did Phylum Annelida first evolve?
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during the Cambrian (570 MYA)
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How many species does phylum Annelida have?
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9000 species
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Name the 3 classes in Phylum Annelida and give an example
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1. Class Polychaeta (clamworms)
2. Class Oligochaeta (earthworms) 3. Class Hirudinea (leeches) |
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Characteristics Of Annelida
Metamerism |
-divided into segments (or metameres)
-externally - grooves which encircle the body -internally - membranes (or septa) are partitions |
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Characteristics Of Annelida
Hydrostatic Skeleton of Coelomic Fluid |
Coelomic fluid acts as hydrostatic skeleton against which the muscles act to change body shape
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Characteristics Of Annelida
Cuticle |
-on surface, have tough skin (or cuticle)
-hard bristles |
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Characteristics Of Annelida
Straight Digestive Tract |
running from mouth to anus
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Characteristics Of Annelida
Closed Circulatory System |
-well-developed circulatory System
-blood is confined to vessels |
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Characteristics Of Annelida
Segmented Nervous System |
-has the brain (couple of big ganglia)
-two ventral nerve cords (pair of ganglia) -(ganglia are clumps of nervous tissue) |
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Name the 6 charactereistics of Phylum Annelida
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1. Metamerism
2. Hydrostatic Skeleton of coelomic fluid 3. Cuticle 4. Straight digestive tract 5. Closed circulatory System 6. Segmented nervous system |
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Parapodia
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fleshy lobes for gas exchange; extend from body segments.
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Chaetae (Setae)
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bristles on the parapodia. These are used for locomotion.
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Pharynx
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first part of the digestive tract leading from the mouth
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Esophagus
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narrow tube carrying food from pharynx into the crop
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Stomach/Intestine
1. function 2. animals found on |
structure where digestion and absorption takes place. Found following the esophagus.
2. clamworm (class polychaeta), earthworm (class oligochaeta) |
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Ventral Nerve Cord
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transmits nerve impulses to and from "brain". It lies beneath digestive tract.
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Nephridia
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tiny kidney tubes used for excretion. One pair per segment.
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Gonochoristic
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both male and female worms, and reproduce sexually. Their gonads are not distinct organs but are masses of developing gametes. Most polychaetes are gonochoristic.
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Clitellum
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swollen glandular area that secretes a slimy material to form a cover for the eggs during repoduction
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Crop
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thin-walled storage chamber for food received from esophagus
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Gizzard
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muscular chamber that grinds the food; follows the crop
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Suprapharyngeal Ganglion
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a mass of nerve cells above the pharynx and connected by nerve chords and subpharygal ganglion below. Thus, the gut passes through the "brain".
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Pseudohearts
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five pairs of lateral blood vessels that are specialized to pump the blood.
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Hermaphroditic
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have both male and female organs. All olichaetes are hermaphroditic. The earthworm has 2 pairs of testes in segments 10 and 11 and one pair of ovaries in segment 13. sperm and eggs are released via tubes out the genital pores.
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Seminal Vesicles
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the sperm passes out of the male genital pore along the seminal groove to the clitellum and enters the other worm. This has to do wit mating in earthworms.
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Phylum Arthropoda
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-most likely evolves from polychaetes
-1,000,000 species -have similarities: metamerism, placement of appendages, basic plan of the nervous system |
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name main subphylum and respective classes of Phylum Arthropoda
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1. Subphylum Trilobitomorpha (trilobites-extinct)
2.Subphylum Chelicerata -Class Merostomata (horseshoe crabs) -Class Eurypterida (sea scorpions) -Class Arachnida (spiders, scorpions) 3. Subphylum Crustacea -Class Malacostraca 4. Subphylum Uniramia -Class Insecta (=Hexapoda) (grasshoppers, bees, fruit flies) |
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Jointed Appendages
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arthropods; adaptable to a variety of habitats.
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Regional Specialization
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in arthropods, groups of segments have fused together to form units called the head, thorax, and abdomen. Thus, different regions of the body have specialized for different functions.
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Chitinous Exoskeleton
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arthropods are covered by a tough, horny integument called chitin. THe exoskeleton is protective w/o sacrificing mobility.
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Open Circulatory system
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blood flows from a heart and arteries into blood spaces where it bathes the tissue directly before returning to the heart.
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Segmented Nervous System
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same for arthrops as annelids.
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Sexual Dimorphism
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arthropods often show pronounced sexual dimorphism. Males and females will have different body forms.
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Carapace
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hard shell that covers the exterior of the cephalothorax
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Antennae
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sensory organs for taste and touch; found dorsally at the anterior end of the cephalothorax.
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Chelipeds
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claws or pincers for feeding and fighting, underneath the carapace of the thorax; first pair of legs.
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Walking Legs
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-four pair of legs used for locomotion
-found underneath the carapace of the thorax |
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Swimmerets
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5 pairs of appendages that aid in respiration and reproduction, found on the ventral side of the abdomen; sexually dimorphic; males' first pair is stiff and red; female swimmerrets are all identical
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cardiac Stomach
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structure w/ tiny calcified teeth used for grinding food; empties into the more posterior pyloric stomach.
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Pyloric Stomach
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digestive chamber where further digestion takes place; empties into the intestine
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Intestine
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structure where absorption takes place
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