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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a ligament?
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Tough, elastic bands of fibrous tissue that connect one bone to another.
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What is the function of a ligament?
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They connect one bone to another and help stabilize joints and prevent excessive movements.
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What is an ankle sprain?
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Ligaments of the ankle joint are forced beyond their normal range of motion.
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What ligaments make up the ankle joint?
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Deltoid ligament along the medial side and the anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligament along the lateral side
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Which ligaments are most susceptible to injury in ankle sprains?
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85% of the time the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments (lateral collateral ligaments)
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What are the symptoms of an ankle sprain?
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Pain over the injured ligaments, swelling and loss of function, possible "pop" sound during ankle injury, ecchymosis around the ENTIRE ankle joint (not just the lateral side)
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How is the severity of an ankle sprain graded?
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*Grade 1 = Mild sprain --> ligament stretches beyond its normal range of motion causing mild swelling and tenderness
*Grade 2 = Moderate sprain --> ligament tears but not completely, tender, bruised, and difficult to move *Grade 3 = Severe sprain --> ligament tears completely, severe pain, swelling and bruising |
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How do you conduct a physical exam of an ankle sprain?
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*Palpate the lateral and medial malleoli.
*Squeeze Test = Compress the tibia and fibula at midcalf, dorsiflexion of the ankle and externally rotating the foot |
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When are radiographs used and why are radiographs necessary to perform on an ankle sprain?
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Only when there is tenderness over the ankle joint; rule out a fracture
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What are the complications of an ankle sprain?
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Chronic pain, chronic joint instability, arthritis, loss of range of motion
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How do you treat an ankle sprain?
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Phase 1 = immediate self care of an ankle sprain --> rest, ice, compression and elevation
Phase 2 = when the patient can bear weight without pain or swelling, 2 to 4 weeks after the injury, begin exercises to increase strength Phase 3 = 4 to 6 weeks after the injury, conditioning with agility and endurance training |
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How should you ice an ankle sprain?
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Ice the area with an ice pack or slush bath for 15 to 20 minutes and repeat every 2-3 hours for the first 2-3 days.
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When/why are contrast baths used and how is it performed?
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Contrast baths are used after the first 2-3 days to decrease swelling/inflammation. They require soaking the affected area in a cold water bath (as tolerated) for 30 seconds, then immediately placing the affected area in a second bucket with warm water (as tolerated) for 30 seconds; rotate back and forth for a total of 5 minutes. Ideally a contrast bath should be repeated 3x a day, but 1x in the morning at 1x in the evening is sufficient.
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What bones make up the ankle joint?
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The lateral malleolus of the fibula and the medial malleolus of the tibia connect to the talus and is held together by ligaments
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