Ankle And Foot

Front 1

The ankle and foot has ____ bones, ____ articulations, and ____ synovial joints.

Back 1

28 bones
55 articulations
30 synovial joints

Front 2

List the 3 major joints of the foot

Back 2

talocrural, subtalar, transverse tarsal (midtarsal)

Front 3

Midtarsal joint is also called the _______ joint

Back 3

Chopart

Front 4

The tarsal-metatarsal joint is also called the _______joint.

Back 4

Lisfranc

Front 5

During dorsiflexion, tib-fib syndesmosis joint seperates _____ cm and the fibula glides _______.

Back 5

1-2 cm; cephalically

Front 6

The talus rolls _____ and glides ________ during open chain dorsiflexion.

Back 6

anteriorly; posteriorly

Front 7

Forces on the talus reach ______ of your body weight during walking and ______ times your body weight during running.

Back 7

120%; 5 times

Front 8

Closed pack position of the talocrural joint:

Back 8

dorsiflexion

Front 9

Capsular pattern of the talocrural joint:

Back 9

plantar flexion loss greater than dorsiflexion

Front 10

The subtalar joint has a single ______ axis.

Back 10

oblique

Front 11

The closed packed position of the subtalar joint.

Back 11

supination

Front 12

During open chain pronation the calcaneous _________, the talus is _________, and the forefoot _________.

Back 12

everts, stable, abducts and dorsiflexes

Front 13

During closed closed chain pronations the calcaneous _______, the talus ________, and the forefoot remains ______.

Back 13

everts, adducts and plantar flexes, stable

Front 14

During open chain supination the calcaneous ________, the talus is _______, and the forefoot _________.

Back 14

inverts, stable, adducts and plantar flexes

Front 15

During closed chain supination the calcaneous _______, the talus ________, and the forefoot remains ________.

Back 15

inverts, abducts and dorsiflexes, stable

Front 16

The midtarsal joint has ____ axes, but only ____ functional axis.

Back 16

2; 1

Front 17

The deltoid ligament is made up of the following ligaments:

Back 17

anterior tibiotalar, tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, posterior tibiotalar

Front 18

muscular supports of the medial arch

Back 18

tom, dick, harry, tibialis anterior

Front 19

Feiss line

Back 19

the location of the navicular in relation to the line of the the medial malleolus to the base of the 1st metatarsal

Front 20

The three components of the lateral collateral ligament

Back 20

anterior talofibuar lig, posterior talofibular lig, and the calcaneofibular lig

Front 21

supports of the lateral arch:

Back 21

fibularis longus, brevis, tertius, short plantar ligament, long plantar ligament, plantar aponeuronsis

Front 22

supports of the transverse metatarsal arch:

Back 22

fibularis longus, tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, plantar aponeurosis, oblique head of adductor hallucis

Front 23

when the 1st metatarsal is longer than the 2nd

Back 23

index plus

Front 24

when the 1st metatarsal is shorter than the 2nd

Back 24

index minus

Front 25

when the 1st metatarsal is the same length as the 2nd

Back 25

index plus-minus

Front 26

when the first toe is the same length as the second toe

Back 26

square foot (9%)

Front 27

when the first toe is shorter than the second

Back 27

morton's or greek foot (22%)

Front 28

when the first toe is longer than the second

Back 28

egyptian foot (69%)

Front 29

closed chain pronation from the foot on up

Back 29

calcaneous everts, talus plantarflexes and adducts, the tibia internally rotates, the knee flexes, internal femoral rotation, internal hip rotation, anterior pelvic tilt and anterior nutation, all of this causes a functionally shorter leg and increased shock absorption during loadign

Front 30

STJ pronation cause the axes of the MTJ to become ______ and the foot more ______.

Back 30

parallel; mobile

Front 31

Causes of abnormal pronation (pes planus, flat foot, low-arched foot, valgus foot, pronated, calcaneovalgus foot)

Back 31

bony abnormalities,
soft tissue abnormalites such as a tight achilles,
ligamentous laxity such as a stretched calcaneonavicular ligament,
weak extrinsic or intrinsic muscles, or
compensations for extrinsic abnormalities such as femoral antetorsion, or internal tibial torsion.

Front 32

During gait, the STJ rapidly ____ during loading, recovers or _____ through midstance, and reaches ______ by heel-off.

Back 32

pronates; supinates; neutral

Front 33

When early stance pronation is excessive, push-off occurs on a relatively ______ foot.

Back 33

mobile

Front 34

Excessive pronation also cause internal rotation of the _____ the _____ of the knee may also be affected.

Back 34

tibia; Q-angle

Front 35

Structural deformities associated with excessive pronation:

Back 35

rearfoot varus, forefoot varus

Front 36

_________ is the leading cause of excessive STJ pronation.

Back 36

Forefoot varus

Front 37

Normally, people have about ______ degrees of forefoot varus.

Back 37

10-12

Front 38

In rearfoot varus, the heel strike is _______ and in forefoot varus the patient has trouble bring the _____ to the ground. In both deformities, STJ must _________ to compensate.

Back 38

lateral; 1st ray; overpronate

Front 39

In a patient who overpronates, the onset of pain occurs:

Back 39

when there is an increase in activity, after prolonged immobilization, change in footwear

Front 40

in the PE of a patient who overpronates, one might find:

Back 40

decreased medial arch,
abduction of forefoot,
hallux valgus,
rearfoot valgus,
internal tibial torsion,
femoral antetorsion
genu valgus

Front 41

sources of pain associated with abnormal pronation:

Back 41

plantar aponeuronsis,
short/long plantar ligament
bone spur
tender navicular head
tender 1st and 2nd metatarsals
hallux valgus pain
shin splits
patellar tracking pain
tarsal tunnel pain

Front 42

abnormal pronation MOI

Back 42

normal stress at abnormal frequency,
abnormal stress at normal frequency,
a combination of both

Front 43

interventions for abnormal pronation:

Back 43

reduce stress and inflammation, strengthen muscles of medial arch,
correct biomechanical dysfunction,
proprioception training,
modalities and soft tissue techniques,
shoe inserts and modification

Front 44

High heels= tight achilles, this prevents forward tibia movement during gait... so the foot compensates by:

Back 44

overpronation!

Front 45

a forefoot varus or rearfoot varus deformity can be corrected with a ________

Back 45

medial forefoot/rearfoot wedge

Front 46

clinical signs of rearfoot varus

Back 46

medial bunions
hammer toes
heel callus

Front 47

Abnormal supination (pes cavus, high arched foot) causes:

Back 47

rearfoot valgus
forefoot valgus
plantarflexed 1st ray

Front 48

abnormal supination results in:

Back 48

prolonged supination during stance and delayed pronation,

stress fractures, metatarsalalgia, posterior tib. tendonitis, plantar fascitis, toe deformities, and achilles tendonitis

Front 49

closed chain supination from the foot on up:

Back 49

STJ supination, external tib rotation, knee extension, external femur rotation, external hip rotation, posterior pelvic tilt, and posterior nutation, this all results in a functionally longer leg

Front 50

forefoot and rearfoot valgus can be treated with _______

Back 50

lateral forefoot or rearfoot wedge