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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are three adaptations of reptilia? |
1. have protein keratin scales to protect from dessication 2. fertilization is internal 3. are ectothermic |
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what does it mean to be ectothermic? |
'cold-blooded' use external heat source to maintain body temperature |
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reptileslay eggs in what way? (oviparous, ovoviviparous, viviparous) what does this mean? |
oviparous they lay eggs with hard shell |
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what are mammals? |
they are amniotes that have hair and produce milk |
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how did birds gain the adaptation of flight? |
they do not have urinary bladders and their bones got thinner and less dense |
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how many chambers do mammals have in their hearts? |
4 |
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what muscle that helps increase the volume of the chest cavity is present in all mammals? |
diaphragm |
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what are the 3 lineages in class mammalia? |
monotremes marsupials eutherians |
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why do mammals have larger hearts? |
they movement became more complex, which requires greater amounts of blood flow and gas exchange |
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what are monotremes? |
mammals that lay eggs |
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how do monotremes secrete milk? |
through their skin they don't have nipples |
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what are two monotremes we talked about? |
platypus and spiny anteater |
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what kind of mammal is a platypus and spiny anteater? |
monotremes |
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do marsupials have nipples? |
yes |
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what is the only mammalian lineage without nipples? |
monotremes |
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where do embryos begin development in marsupials? where is it completed? |
begins in uterus but then development finishes while nursing inside the maternal pouch |
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where do nutrients come from while a baby is in the uterus of a marsupial? |
placenta |
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what is one kind of marsupial? |
kangaroo |
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where is embryonic development completed in eutherians? |
uterus |
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what kind of animals are eutherians? |
humans chimps, badgers |
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what are the two divisions of primates we are studying? |
monkeys and apes |
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what defines an anthropoid? |
opposable thumbs |
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what are the two divisions of monkeys? where are they located in the world? |
new world monkeys = Western hemisphere old world monkeys = eastern hemisphere |
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where do new world monkeys mostly live? |
in the trees. they are arboreal |
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which of the two monkey divisions have a pre-hensile tail? which one does not? |
new world = has a pre-hensile tail old world does not! |
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what direction do nostrils open in new world monkeys? what about old world? |
new world = open to the side old world = open downward |
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where are apes found? whit what other primate group? |
east hemisphere with old world monkeys |
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do apes have tails? |
no |
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how identical are the genomes of chimps and humans? |
99% identical only 19 regulatory genes are different |
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what are 6 derived characteristics of hominins? |
1. standing and walking upright
2. bigger skull/brain 3. capable of language and symbolic thought 4. manufacture complex tools 5. reduced jawbone and muscle 6. shorter digestive tract |
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starting at primates, where do humans fall in classification? |
primates: anthropoids: apes: humans |
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what is the only homo species alive today? |
homo sapiens |
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how did australopithecus (lucy) walk? |
she was bipedal |
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what evolutionary trait came first in hominins, bipedal, enlarged brain, tool making? |
bipedalism |
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compared to homo sapiens, was lucy's brain larger or smaller? |
smaller |
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did lucy show evidence of tool making? |
no |
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what was the first hominin species to exhibit tool making? |
homo habilis |
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what was the earliest species placed in the homo genus? |
homo habilis |
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compared to lucy, did homo habilis have a jaw that is shorter or longer? was their brains larger or smaller? |
homo habilis had shorter jaws and larger brains than lucy |
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compared to homo sapiens, were neanderthals brains larger or smaller? |
roughly the same size |
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did neanderthals mate with H. sapiens? |
yes |
