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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Porifera
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most basic phylum on evolutionary tree
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Porifera
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most basic phylum on evolutionary tree, mainly sponges
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King Phillip Chews on Fresh Green Stems
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Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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Porifera - Digestion
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suspension feeders, collect food particles from water through filtering, flagellated choanocytes line inside of water chambers and trap food
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Porifera - Circulation
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pores move water in and out of sponge to extract nutrients
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Porifera - Excretion
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gives off waste directly back into water
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Porifera - Nervous
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no nerves or muscles, individual cells can sense and react to changes in the environment
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Porifera - Respitory
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water drawn in through spores into spongocoel and flows out through osculum, take oxygen from water
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Porifera - Reproduction
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mostly hermaphrodites, can massively regenerate, asexual reproduction by budding, moon cycles, 1st external reproduction
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Cnidaria
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2nd most primative on evolutionary tree, hydras, jellies, sea anemones, coral animals
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Cnidaria - Digestion
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central digestive compartment (gastrovascular cavity), carnivores, tenticles arned with cnidocytes, nematocysts are stinging capsules
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Cnidaria - Circulation
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through cells
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Cnidaria - Excretion
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through cells, nitrogen waste in form of ammonia diffuses directly into surrounding water
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Cnidaria - Nervous
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cells of epidermis and gastrodermus have microfilaments, no muscle, no brain, nerve nets, simple sensory receptors dispersed in body, neurotoxins
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Cnidaria - Respitory
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diffusion of oxygen through water
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Cnidaria - 3 classes
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Hydrozoa(hydras), Scyphozoa(jellies), Anthozoa(sea anemones, corals)
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Cnidaria - 2 forms
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polyps - cylindrical forms that adhere and extend tenticles (hydra, sea anemones) and medusa - flattened mouthdown polyp (jellies)
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Platyhelminthes
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follow cnidarians on evolutionary tree, flatworms
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Platyhelminthes - Digestion
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gastrovascular cavity with one opening, carnivores
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Platyhelminthes - Circulation
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through cells
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Platyhelminthes - Circulation
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through cells
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Platyhelminthes - Digestion
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gastrovascular cavity with one opening, carnivores
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Platyhelminthes - Circulation
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take in water, no true system
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Platyhelminthes - Excretion
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one hole digestive tract, flame cells to regulate water damage and get rid of waste, will eventually evolve into kidneys
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Platyhelminthes - Nervous
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sensory organs (eyes, smell), can learn, more complicated nervenet, simple, nerve cords hooked to ganglion
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Platylhelminthes - Respiratory
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lack organs for gas exchange, oxygen through skin
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Platylhelminthes - 4 classes
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Turbellaria(free living flatworms), Monogenea(monogeneans), Trematoda(flukes), and Cestoida(tapeworms)
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Platyhelminthes - Reproduction
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regeneration, sexual reproduction, hermaphrodites
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Platyhelminthes - Evolutionary
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cuticle, aceolomates, bilateral symmetry, 3 germ layers, tripoblastic
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Nematoda
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follow platyhelminthes on evolutionary tree, ascaris(long cream colored worms, reproduce like crazy and grow in cysts with little worms in them), pinworm(common in small children from dirt, easily cured), hookworm(lives off blood), filaria(elephantitis), trichinosis(from uncooked pork), roundworms
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Nemotoda - Digestion
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decompose organic matter, complete digestive tract
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Nemotoda - Circulation
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none, nutrients transported through fluid in pseudocoelum, move stuff inside of it
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Nemotoda - Excretion
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complete 2 hole digestive tract
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Nemotoda - Nervous
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longitudinal muscles
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Nemotoda - Respitory
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take gas from surroundings
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Nemotoda - Evolutionary
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only sexual reproduction, cuticle, psuedocoelum(fake body cavity)
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Annelida
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first protostome, segmented worms(allows specialization into tissues and organs), leeches, earthworms, tubeworms
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Nemotoda - Evolutionary
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only sexual reproduction, cuticle, psuedocoelum(fake body cavity)
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Annelida
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first prostomes, after nematoda on evolutionary tree, segmented worms(allows specialization into tissues and organs), leeches, earthworms, tubeworms
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Annelida - Digestion
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specialized digestive tract with a pharynx, estophagus, crop, gizzard, and intestines
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Annelida - Circulation
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blood vessels, first heart, closed system
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Annelida - Excretion
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nephridia(filtering system of kidneys)
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Annelida - Nervous
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nerve cords penetrate septa and run length of worm, ganglia, senses
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Annelida - Respitory
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through skin, moist cuticle needed to take in oxygen
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Annelida - Evolutionary
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hermaphrodites, cross fertilize, coelomates - true body cavity lined with peritoneum, much more mobile w/segmentation
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Mollusca
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protostome, after annelida on evolutionary octupuses
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Mollusca - Digestion
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many use radula to scrape up food, suspention feeders, longer digestive tract
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Mollusca - Circulation
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three chamber heart, more sophisticated system
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Mollusca - Excretion
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nephridia to remove NH2 waste, reabsorb water and salt for balance
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Mollusca - Nervous
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soft bodies, cephalopods have brains, complex nervous systems, ganglion
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Mollusca - Respitory
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gills to extract oxygen, gastropods use lining of mantle cavity as lung
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Mollusca - 4 classes
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Polyplacophora(chitons), Gastropoda(snails and slugs), Bivalvia(clams and oysters), Cephalopoda(squids and octupuses)
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Mollusca - Evolutionary
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mostly marine, have muscular foot, visceral mass, and mantle, no asexual reproduction, coelumates, body cavity from mesoderm, gastropoda undergo torsion --> anus ends up above head
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Arthropoda
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protostomes, after mollusca on evolutionary tree, spiders, insects, crustaceans, shrimp, barnicles
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Arthropoda - Digestion
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full specialized digestive tract
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Arthropoda - Circulation
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open, hemolymph fluid propelled by heart through short arteries into sinuses surrounding tissues and organs, reenters heart through pores
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Arthropoda - Excretion
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nephridia
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Arthropoda - Nervous
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sensory organs, extensive cephalization, ganglion, opposing muscles(very mobile and quick)
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Arthropoda - Respitory
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aquatic have gills with feathery extensions, internal surfaces specialized for gas exchange - tracheal systems with branched air ducts into cuticle
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Arthropoda - Evolutionary
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segmented coelomates, exoskeletons with molting, jointed appendages, flexibility, cuticle of chitin that allows to retain water and live on land, statocyst for balance(eventually will become the semi-circular canal)
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Echinodermata
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deuterostome, after arthropoda on evolutionary tree, seastars, urchins, and cucumbers
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Echinodermata - Digestion
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tube feet grip pray, turn stomach inside out through mouth, digest food outside of body
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Echinodermata - Circulation
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through water, primative
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Echinodermata - Excretion
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from cells into water, blastopore anus
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Echinodermata - Nervous
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primative nerve nets
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Echinodermata - Respitory
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through water
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Echinodermata - Evolutionary
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spiny skinned, external sexual reproduction, radial symmetry, larve have bilateral symmetry, can regenerate
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Chordata
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rest of invertebrates and vertebrates, highest on evolutionary tree
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Protostomes
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cleavage - spiral and determinate
fate of gastropore - mouth |
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Deuterostomes
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cleavage - radial and indeterminate
fate of gastropore - anus |