Animal Senses

Front 1

Name the 5 sensory receptors and what they detect

Back 1

Mechanoreceptors - detect movement

Chemoreceptors - detect chemicals

Photoreceptors - detect light

Thermoreceptors - detect heat

Nociceptors - detect pain

Front 2

What are the 5 senses?

Back 2

Vision, hearing, taste, smell, touch

Front 3

Which receptors does the sense of Vision use?

Back 3

The sense of vision uses photoreceptors

Some animals have these receptors, but also use echolocation or infrared receptors

Front 4

Define Echolocation

Back 4

The emission of sound waves and perception of their echo.

(Ex. Bats and Dolphins)

Front 5

What type of eye structures do invertebrates have?

Back 5

Light detectors or eye spots,

Image forming compound eyes,

and Image forming single-lens eyes

Front 6

What type of eye structure do vertebrates have?

Back 6

Image forming single lens eyes

Front 7

What are the 3 parts of compound and single-lens eyes?

Back 7

Cornea, Lens, Photoreceptors

Front 8

Define Cornea

Back 8

The part of the front of the eye that protects the underlying lens

Front 9

Define Lens

Back 9

The part of the front of the eye that focuses light unto the back of the eye (the retina)

Front 10

Define Photoreceptors

Back 10

The sensory receptors that detect light and possibly colour

Front 11

True or False: Compound are poor at detecting motion

Back 11

False. Compound eyes are perfect for detecting motion

Front 12

What are the thousands of facets in a compound eye called?

Back 12

Ommatidia

Front 13

What are single lens eyes good at?

Back 13

Viewing a large field and detecting accurate details

Front 14

Describe the process of vision in a single lens eye

Back 14

Light passes through an opening in the iris called the pupil and is focused by the lens onto the back of the eye which contains different photoreceptors within the retina

Front 15

What receptors foes the sense of Hearing use?

Back 15

The sense of hearing uses mechanoreceptors

Front 16

What is the membrane on the legs of invertebrates called?

Back 16

The Tympanic membrane

Front 17

Where are hair cells found in mammals, land amphibians, and reptiles?

Back 17

Inside the ears

Front 18

Where are the hair cells found in fish and aquatic amphibians?

Back 18

Inside lateral lines along the sides of their bodies

Front 19

True or False: Hair cells also aid in balance

Back 19

True

Front 20

How do hair cells help in balance and hearing?

Back 20

The movement of their special cilia activates the cell and initiates the attached neutron to send an action potential

Front 21

What is the other name for an ear drum?

Back 21

The tympanic membrane

Front 22

Define ossicles

Back 22

The middle ear bones where sound waves and vibrations pass through

Front 23

Define cochlea

Back 23

where hair cells more according to different sounds

(The sea shell shaped thingy)

Front 24

Describe the Lateral Line system

Back 24

The lateral line system includes hair cells whose cilia are ambled in a jelly cup called the cupula. Water flowing through the system will displace cilia. This movement will be translated into action potential

Front 25

What receptors does the sense of Smell use?

Back 25

The sense of smell uses chemoreceptors

Front 26

What organ do reptiles, amphibians and cats & dogs use to smell?

Back 26

A vomeronasal organ

Front 27

How are antennae used to smell?

Back 27

Some animals can smell pheromones released by potential mates using chemoreceptors attached to hairs not heir antennae

Front 28

How do mammals smell?

Back 28

Mammals smell using a specialized olfactory epithelium in their nasal cavity. The cilia of the olfactory neutrons detect chemicals bound in mucous that covers epithelium

Front 29

What receptors does the sense of Taste use?

Back 29

The sense of taste uses chemoreceptors

Front 30

Where do insects have taste receptors?

Back 30

In their feet and mouth

Front 31

Where do mammals have taste receptors?

Back 31

Mammals use a group of taste receptors within a taste bud on their tongue to detect 5 different tastes: sweet, bitter, sour, salty, and umami

Front 32

What receptors does the sense of Touch use?

Back 32

The sense of touch uses mechanoreceptors

Front 33

How aquatic animals and amphibians touch?

Back 33

They use the lateral line system. The movement of hair cells detects movement and vibration of the water around them

Front 34

Where are touch receptors in mammals?

Back 34

Land mamma;s only contain touch receptors in their skin, and touch receptors associated with the base of their hair and/or whiskers

Front 35

How do invertebrates detect balance?

Back 35

They use statocysts which contain statoliths which slide on top of hair cells upon body movement

Front 36

How do vertebrates detect balance?

Back 36

They use the vestibular system which contain 3 semicircular canals each ending with an ampulla, and 2 otolith organs

Otolith organs contain otolith crystals which slide on top of hair cells upon body movement

Front 37

What connects muscles to bones?

Back 37

Tendons

Front 38

What are the contractile units in skeletal muscles?

Back 38

Sarcomeres made of proteins

Front 39

How do muscles contract and relax?

Back 39

Within the sarcomere, thick filaments (made of myosin) and thin filaments (made of actin), slide over each other

Front 40

Define Hydrostatic skeleton

Back 40

Compressed high-pressure fluid enclosed in a body compartment

(Ex. Cnidarians, nematodes, and annelids)

Front 41

Define Exoskeleton

Back 41

A hard surface encasement. In insects, this is called a cuticle, made of chitin, that is shed during a moult

Front 42

Define Endoskeleton

Back 42

Hard internal skeleton made of bones, cartilage, or a mix of both

Front 43

Which is the most energy efficient form of locomotion: Swimming, Flying, or Running?

Back 43

Swimming