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139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what do we sell overseas?
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meat, grains
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what are basic human needs?
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food, shelter, clothing, fuel, emotional well being
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land conservation
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sustainable agriculture, utilize forage, control unwanted plants, control wildfires, decreased use of chemical herbicides
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what does increase of size production equal?
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decrease cost of production
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ad libitum
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allowing animals to eat all they want at all times "free choice"
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compensatory growth
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increased growth rate in response to previous undernourishment
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concentrate
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a feed that is HIGH IN ENERGY, low in fiber content, and highly digestible (corn, grain)
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T.D.N
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Total Digestible Nutrients. it includes the total amounts of digestible protein, nitrogen-free extract, fiber, and fat (multiplied by 2.25) all added together APPROXIMATES ENERGY CONTENT
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roughage
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a feed that is HIGH IN FIBER, low in digestible nutrients, and low in energy…such feeds as hay, straw, silage, and pasture are examples "filler"
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calorie
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the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water from 15 degrees C to 16 degrees C
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kilocalorie
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equivalent to 1,000 calories
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fill
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the contents of the digestive tract
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A.I.
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abbreviation for artificial insemination
(turkeys use most A.I.) |
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E.T.
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abbreviation for embryo transfer (flushing)
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estrus or heat
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the period of mating activity in the female "standing"
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estrous
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an adjective meaning "heat" that modifies such words as "cycle"…it is the heat cycle, or time from one heat period to the next
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estrus synchronization
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controlling the estrous cycle so that a high percentage of the females in the herd express estrus at the same time
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gestation period
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(term of pregnancy)
specie gestation period equine (mare) 340 days bovine (cow/heifer) 283 days porcine (sow) 113 days ovine (sheep) 147 days caprine (goat) 147 days |
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haploid
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half the normal number of chromosomes. found in sperm and ova
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anestrous period
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the time when a female is not in estrus. the non-breeding season "without cycling"
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open
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refers to non-pregnant females
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fertility
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the capacity to initiate, sustain, and support reproduction
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dystocia
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difficult birth
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colostrum
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the first milk given by the female following delivery of her young. contains high levels of antibodies which are absorbed by the young for quick immunity
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dry
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refers to non-lactating female (mare, cow, ewe, sow)
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lactation period
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period that female produces milk
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libido
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sex drive of the male
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clone
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an individual grown from a single somatic cells of its parent and genetically identical to it
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cull
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to eliminate from the breeding population
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weaning
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taking a young animal from it's dam (mother)
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carcass merit
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the value of a carcass for consumption
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dark cutter
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color of the lean in the carcass. has a dark appearance usually caused by stress to the animal prior to slaughter
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contemporary group
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a set of animals of the same sex and breed that have been raised under similar environmental and management conditions
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DHIA
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Dairy Herd Improvement Association (dairy herds participate in keep ing records)
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feeder
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animals which need further feeding prior to slaughter
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scurs
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small hornlike tissue attached to the skin of polled or dehorned animals
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castration
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removing the testicles
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spaying
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the removal of the ovaries from the female reproductive tract (most often done in cats and dogs)
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breed
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animals having a common origin and characteristics that distinguish them from other groups within the same species
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bovine
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refers to cattle
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equine
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refers to horse
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porcine
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refers to swine
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caprine
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refers to goat
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ovine
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refers to sheep
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cat
male of breeding age |
tom
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cat
mature female |
pussy
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cat
newborn |
kitten
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cat
unsexed male |
gib
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cat
unsexed female |
neuter
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cat
groups |
bevy
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cat
genus |
felis domestica
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cat
act of breeding |
mating
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cat
act of parturition |
littering
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dog
male of breeding age |
dog
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dog
mature female |
bitch
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dog
young male |
puppy dog
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dog
young female |
puppy bitch
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dog
newborn |
pup
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dog
unsexed male |
castrate
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dog
unsexed female |
spayed
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dog
groups |
pack
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dog
genus |
canis
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dog
act of breeding |
copulating
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dog
act of parturition |
whelping
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cattle
male of breeding age |
bull
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cattle
mature female |
cow
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cattle
young male |
bullock
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cattle
young female |
heifer
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cattle
newborn |
calf
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cattle
unsexed male |
steer
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cattle
unsexed female |
spayed
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cattle
groups |
herd
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cattle
genus |
bos
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cattle
act of breeding |
serving
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cattle
act of parturition |
calving
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horse
male of breeding age |
stallion
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horse
mature female |
mare
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horse
young male |
colt
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horse
young female |
filly
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horse
newborn |
foal
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horse
unsexed male |
gelding
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horse
unsexed female |
spayed
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horse
groups |
herd
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horse
genus |
equus
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horse
act of mating |
covering
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horse
act of parturition |
foaling
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goat
male of breeding age |
buck
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goat
mature female |
doe
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goat
young male |
buck kid
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goat
young female |
doe kid
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goat
newborn |
kid
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goat
unsexed male |
wether
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goat
unsexed female |
spayed
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goat
groups |
band
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goat
genus |
capra
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goat
act of breeding |
serving
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goat
act of parturition |
kidding
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sheep
male of breeding age |
ram
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sheep
mature female |
ewe
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sheep
young male |
ram lamb
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sheep
young female |
ewe lamb
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sheep
newborn |
lamb
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sheep
unsexed male |
wether
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sheep
unsexed female |
spayed
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sheep
groups |
flock
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sheep
genus |
ovis
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sheep
act of mating |
tupping
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sheep
act of parturition |
lambing
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swine
male of breeding age |
boar
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swine
mature female |
sow
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swine
young male |
shoat
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swine
young female |
gilt
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swine
newborn |
pig
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swine
unsexed male |
barrow
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swine
unsexed female |
spayed
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swine
groups |
drove
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swine
genus |
sus
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swine
act of mating |
coupling
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swine
act of parturition |
farrowing
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poultry
male of breeding age |
cock
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poultry
mature female |
hen
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poultry
young male |
chick
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poultry
young female |
chick
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poultry
newborn |
chick
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poultry
unsexed male |
capon
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poultry
groups |
flock
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poultry
genus |
gallus
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poultry
act of mating |
mating
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british cattle breed
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maternal traits
marbling ability rapid maturity growth moderate frame size designed to be easy growing |
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continental cattle breed
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muscularity
cold winters rapid weight growth sire |
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bos indicus cattle breed
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hot, humid
protected from insects originated from India |
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useful to segregate breeds according to maturity rates as this can be an indicator of:
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frame size at maturity
chronological age at maturity leanness marbling ability muscling fleshing ability fertility |
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sire breed
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fast growing, muscular, late maturing, low milking
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maternal breed
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early maturing sexuality, inherently fertile, moderate to heavy milking, small to moderate size
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heterosis (hybrid vigor)
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ability of offspring to out perform the average of the parents breed
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Angus
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British breed (Scotland)
black, naturally polled, moderate size excellent marbling, early compositional maturity excellent maternal breed, easy fleshing, good milk production early maturing sexually latest number of annual registration in United States |
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Hereford
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British breed (England)
red with whit face, also white on underline, switch, etc moderate size, adaptable to many environments, good disposition poorest marbling of British breeds |
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Shorthorn
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British breed (England)
three major colors-red, white, and roan moderate size, good disposition, excellent milk production |
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Brahman
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Bos Indicus breed (India)
American Brahman is a cross of three Indian breeds both red and gray strains of Brahmans exist, both have black pigmentation, horned noted for heat tolerance, disease and insect resistance and crossing ability poor marbling ability, and slow sexual maturity is offset by their ability to thrive in hot, humid environments |
