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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are androgens? |
The 'male' hormones testosterone, DHT, androestenedione |
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What are estrogens? |
the 'female' hormones, estradiol |
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What is GnRH? |
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone- it's a decapeptide from the hypothalamus that triggers release of tropic hormones that act on the gonads |
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What is LH? |
Luteinizing hormone- protein hormone released from the anterior pituitary that triggers the production and release of steroid hormones from the gonads |
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What is FSH? |
follicle stimulating hormone- protein hormone released from anterior pituitary that triggers growth and devlopment of the gametes (sperm and egg) in the gonads |
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All steroids are derived from _______________. Then that is converted to ______________. Then enzymes metabolize the steroids into active forms. |
cholesterol, progesterone |
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You cannot get estradiol without going through _______________ first. |
testosterone |
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What enzyme turns cholesterol into testosterone? |
androstenedione |
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What enzyme turns testosterone into estradiol? |
aromatase |
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What enzyme turns Testosterone into DHT? |
5-alpha-reductase |
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Aromatase can be active in the gonads and in the target tissue. During development, ______________ organizes the male hypothalamus. |
estradiol |
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_____ is a more potent androgen that testosterone. |
DHT |
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The prostate and external genitalia use ______ during development (ex. descent of the testes) |
DHT |
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Elevated levels of DHT is associated with.. |
hair loss in men |
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What are androgens? |
'male' sex steroids that organize and activate many male typical physiologies and behaviors such as spermatogenesis and sexual aggressive behaviors |
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How do drugs combat male pattern baldness? |
it blocks the action of 5 alpha-reductase which therefore prevents DHT |
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Why do advertisements say women who are pregnant should not handle a pill that combats baldness |
if the developing fetus is a male, by blocking the formation of DHT, you would prevent the 'normal' male development |
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Testosterone is controlled by ______________ feedback, both sort and long loops. This feedback also acts through the hormone ____________ from the sertoli cells. |
negative feedback, inhibin |
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What are anabolic steroids? Give examples. |
hormones that act like testosterone and bind and activate androgen receptors. Ex. Androestenedione (weak), THG (strong) |
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What is THG? |
its a designer androgen that was, until recently, undetectible |
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Why do anabolic steroids cause your testes to shrink? |
negative feedback drives down natural testosterone levels because it detects the injected steroids which causes testes to shrink |
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large testes indicate what in an animal? small testes indicate what in an animal? (sociologically) |
Large= more sperm, polygamous Small= less sperm, monogamy |
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Sperm are generally thought to be ________ to make compared to eggs. |
cheap |
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What are Leydig (interstitial) cells? |
Thy are acted upon by the anterior pituitary. They're the primary site of androgen production. Testosterone passes to the sertoli cells where it serves in maturation of developing sperm. |
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What are sertoli cells? |
They line the seminiferous tubules, they're the site of spermatogenesis, nurse cells for developing sperm, testosterone from leydig cells finalizes development of sperm. |
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Most animals shrink and regrow their __________ every year! |
gonads |
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Most growth of the gonads is in the ___________ cells |
sertoli |
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The animal gonads can change in volume of ______ fold! |
100 |
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Testes connected to the copulatory organ through the _________ ____________ |
ductus deferens (vas deferens) |
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What is the accessory sex organ in humans that contributes to ejaculate? How about in other species? |
prostate, kidneys |
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The male reproductive tract develops from the ____________ ducts while the female tract develops from the ____________ ducts. |
Wolffian, Mullerian |
