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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why is biosecurity important? |
Biosecurity is the keystone of disease prevention. |
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What is biosecurity? |
Measures taken to prevent the spread of infectious disease. |
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What three principles does biosecurity use to prevent the spread of infectious diseases? |
1) Exclusion 2) Containment 3) Elimination |
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What are the 8 ways that diseases spread? |
1) Direct Fecal/Oral 2) Direct Aerosol 3) Direct Contact (w/ bodily fluids) 4) Direct Skin Contact 5) Fomites/Mechanical Vectors 6) Environment 7) Biological Vectors 8) Deliberate Exposure |
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What three things effect the stringency of the biosecurity measures employed? |
1) The infectious agent and the quantity needed for infection 2) The level of disease resistance in the population 3) The amount of the producer is willing to assume |
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What is the first principle of biosecurity? |
Exclustion |
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What are the five main biosecurity measures associated with the exclusion principle? |
1) Isolation 2) Surveillance 3) Traffic Restrictions 4) Vector Control 5) Vaccination |
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Why is isolation used as a biosecurity measure? |
It attempts to prevent animals that are "incubating" a disease or "shedding" infection from being unintentionally introduced into the general population of animals. |
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What should be done as a biosecurity measure to animals returning or being introduced to the population? |
They should be isolated for 2-4 weeks before re-introduction. |
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What can still be done as a biosecurity measure when a farm doesn't have the facilities to keep an animal in complete isolation before its re-introduction to the heard? |
Make use of pastures, pens, or stalls that prevent nose to nose contact or sharing of feed and water supplies is advisable. |
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What can be done as a biosecurity measure while an animal is being isolated prior to its reintroduction to the population? |
Animals should be tested for the disease of concern. Negative test results can be a requirement before re-introduction. |
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What is surveillance when talking about biosecurity measures? |
The use of tests, observation, and physical examination to try and identify biological threats to the population. |
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How are traffic restrictions used as a biosecurity measure? |
Visitors who come on the farm from somewhere else could be carriers of an infectious agent. By regulating who comes and goes, a farmer can protect the population from exposure to pathogens found off the farm. |
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Give some examples of practices that can help reduce biosecurity threats from off-farm traffic. |
-Well marked perimeters -Barricades and locked doors -Regulation of visitor activities |
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How are farm visitors categorized in terms of biosecurity? |
-Low Risk Visitors -Moderate Risk Visitors -High Risk Visitors |
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What characterizes a low risk visitor? |
Those with little farm and no livestock contact |
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What are some biosecurity measures that should be taken when dealing with low risk visitors on a farm? |
-Clean clothing and footwear (provided by farm) -Should not enter pens, walk in feed alleys, or contact animals -No food -Should leave clothing used on the farm behind -wash hands |
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What characterizes moderate risk visitors in terms of biosecurity? |
People who regularly visit farms but do not routinely contact animals. |
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What biosecurity measures should be taken when dealing with moderate risk visitors? |
-Clean clothing/footwear -Clean/disinfect equiptment between farms -Should remove soiled clothing/footwear -Wash hands |
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What characterizes a high risk visitor in terms of biosecurity? |
People who are around livestock all the time. |
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What bio security measures should be taken when dealing with high risk visitors? |
-Manure free vehicles -Clean outer/footwear -Remove soiled outer/footwear -Employees supplied with outer/footwear |
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How is vector control utilized as a biosecurity measure? |
Taking measures to evict rodents, birds and other unwanted inhabitants of will eliminate the chance of a vector transmitted infection being introduced to the population. |
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How is vaccination utilized as a biosecurity measure? |
They create a resistant populations and give the population a higher chance of immunity in the event that certain infections are introduced. |
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What is the second principle of biosecurity? |
Containment |
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What is the difference between the principles of exclusion and containment? |
Containment - Keeps pathogen sequestered in quarenteen Exclusion - Keeps pathogen off farm |
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Give some examples of practices that use the containment principle of biosecurity. |
-Quarantine Infected Animals -Mark Quarantine Areas -Separate Clothing/Footwear -Deal with Quarantined Animals at the End of the Day |
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What is the third principle of biosecurity? |
Elimination |
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How can the elimination principle of biosecurity be utilized to prevent infection? |
Elimination aims to destroy pathogens via sanitation before they are able to infect a new host. |
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What are the two categories of biosecurity measures associated with the elimination principle? |
1) Direct 2) Indirect |
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What are the three main types of direct elimination? |
1) Cleaning 2) Disinfection 3) Drying |
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What is indirect elimination? |
When disease is prevented by eliminating vectors, hosts, and reservoirs. |
