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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are 3 functions of blood?
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-supply cells with hormones, oxygen, nutrients, electrolytes, water
-function in immune sytem -remove waste |
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What are two blood functions in the immune system?
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-innate (granulocytes involved in phagocytosis)
-acquired (B and T lymphocytes) |
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What are 4 fluid componants of blood?
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-water
-plasma proteins -fibrinogen -immunoglobulins (IG's & Ab's) |
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What are 5 examples of plasma proteins?
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-hemoglobin
-albumen -lipoproteins -glycoproteins -transferrin |
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What are three formed elements of blood?
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-red blood cells
-white blood cells -platelets |
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What is the difference between plasma and serum?
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Serum is spun after clotting occurs which seperates out formed elements and fibrinogen, where-as plasma has an anti-coagulant mixed in so fibrinogen is present but uneffective (spun anytime)
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What are red blood cells composed of?
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-55-60% water
-30-36% hemaglobin -5% organic matrix |
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What function do RBCs serve?
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-transfer oxygen (in HgB)
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What is the lifespan of RBC's and what destroys them?
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*species specific:
-70 days in cats to 150 days in horses +destroyed from old age and from the spleen, liver, bone marrow |
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Where does fetal erythropoiesis occur?
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-allantois
-liver -bone marrow |
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Where does adult erythropoiesis occur?
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-all bone marrow initially
-eventually limited to red bone marrow found in flat bones and epiphyses of long bones |
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What important hormone is produced in the kidney which controls RBC production?
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-erythropoietin
-responds to relative hypoxia due to anemia, altitude, and exercise |
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What are three things needed for RBC production?
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-protein
-minerals (Fe, Cu, Co) -vitamins (B vit) |
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What is the difference between malnutrition and protein restriction?
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-malnutrition leads to anemia whereas restriction leads to decreased RBC production
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How long does it take for RBC to mature?
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-about 100 hours
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What are 4 types of granulocytes?
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-neutrophils
-eosinophils -basophils -monocytes |
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Where are WBC's made?
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-bone marrow
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What are 4 functions of neutrophils?
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-phagocytosis
-chemotaxis -life span only about 6 hours -random destruction |
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Where are neutrophil reserves?
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-bone marrow
-circulating population -blood vessel walls |
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What are three functions of eosinophils?
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-phagocytosis
-release antihistamines to control inflammationg -elevated in allergy, parasitism, and immune related conditions |
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What are basophils called when in tissues rather than blood?
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-mast cell
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What are two functions of basophils?
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-phagocytosis (? I thought only monocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophils were?)
-release histamines to initiate inflammatory response by causin leaky vessels |
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What is the function of monocytes?
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-phagocytosis
-antigen processin gfor presentation to both B and T cells |
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What are monocytes called when in tissues?
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-macrophages
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Where are the sites of immunocompetence of lymphocytes?
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-B cells=bone marrow
-T cells=thymus |
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What are the secondary lymphatic organs of lymphocytes?
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-spleen
-lymph nodes -tonsils -peyers patches |
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What are the functions of B cells?
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-antibody production (plasma cells)
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What are the functions of T cells?
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-cellular immunity
-helper, killer suppressor, memory T cells |
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What are platelets also known as?
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?megakaryocytes?
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What function to platelets serve?
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-clotting
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Where do you collect blood from a horse?
dog? cat? cow? sheep/goat? |
-jugular
-cephalic/jugular -cephalic -tail/jugular/mammary -jugular |
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What is the hemogram part of a CBC give you (4)?
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-RBC count
-WBC count -HgB -Hct |
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What do you get in a differential cell count of a CBC?
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-WBC's (n, e, b, m, l's)
-Platelets -cell morphology |
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What would be different (and how) in a CBC for an anemic animal?
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-decreased RBC count
-decreased HgB -decreased Hct |
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What occurs during anemia?
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-decreased oxygen carrying capacity from blood loss, decreased RBC production, and increase RBC destruction
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What changes can be seen in a CBC in response to infection?
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*species variability
-generally leukocytosis -left shifts -eosinophilia -leukopenia |
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What are the two types of left shifts?
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-degenerative left shift (decreased WBC)
-regenerative left shift (increased WBC) *both have increased band cells |
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What types of infections can cause eosinophilia?
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*increased eosinophils
-parasites -allergy -autoimmune |
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What type of infection can cause leukopenia?
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*decreased WBC
-viral disease -endotoxemia -septicemia -enteritis |
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What is the purpose of a PCV?
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*Packed Cell Volume is also known as hematocrit reading
-number of blood cells to indicate anemia or dehydration |
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What does a high PCV count indicate?
Low? |
-increased PCV indicates dehydration since the ratio of liquid is much less than formed elements
-anemia is indicated by low PCV counts |
