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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are three alternative ways of medical treatment?
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-acupuncture
-chiropractic -homeopathic |
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What was the "Yellow Emperor's Classic on Internal Medicine"?
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-most important book of traditional Chinese medicine
-set standards and described the philosophy of acupuncture -incorporated principles into the Nei Ching around 700 BC |
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What does Acupuncture mean?
When was this term for used and by whom? |
-"Puncturing with needles"
-late 1600's by the Dutchman Wilhelm Ten Rijn |
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What does IVAS stand for and when was it formed?
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-International Veterinary Acupuncture Society in 1974
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What theory is the basic one for Chinese acupuncture?
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Yin-Yang theory
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What does Yin represent?
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-a negative, passive quality such as the moon, autumn, winter, north, and west.
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What does Yang represent?
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-a positive, active quality such as the sun, summer, spring, east, and south
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How is balance achieved in the Yin-Yang theory?
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-Yin and Yang constantly interact and react with each other
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What does the Yin-Yang theory separate body organs into?
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Two categories of:
ts'ang and fu |
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Describe ts'ang organs (3) and list 5 organs
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-Yin
-generally responsible for absorption, transformation, and transportation of nutritive elements relatively solid -heart, pericardium, liver, spleen, kidney |
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What are 3 traits of fu organs? What are 6 such organs?
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-Yang
-generally responsible for storage and excretion -hollow -gall bladder, sm intestine, lg intestine, stomach, urinary bladder, triple burner |
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According to the Yin-Yang theory, when does disease occur?
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-When the Yin-Yang balance in the body is upset.
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What theory is the basic dynamic energy of the universe?
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-Ch'i
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How does acupuncture use Ch'i?
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-it attempts to correct the imbalances between yin and yang (disease) by manipulating Ch'i
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How does Ch'i move through the body?
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-it moves in a specific pattern throughout the body
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What is the Meridian theory?
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-The use of acupuncture points
-"Ching lo theory" |
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What are the large channels called?
Small channels? |
-ching mo
-lo mo |
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How do the channels work in the Ching lo theory (3)?
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-form interconnecting pathways on the surface & interior of the body
-provide a network linking individual acupuncture points on teh body to to visceral organs -channels promote circulation of Ch'i and blood, so that the ts'ang and fu organs & other tissues can be properly nourished, maintain normal physiologic activities and sustain a healthy equilibrium of yin and yang |
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How do you use acupuncture points to form a diagnosis of visceral organ?
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-a diseased visceral organ cuases tender points along the related meridian
-these points along with an exam form an educational basis |
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What is the purpose of therapeutic acupuncture?
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-to attempt to keep the balance of yin and yang in the body through the manupulation of Ch'i by the needle
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What are 9 methods of stimulation for acupuncture?
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-dry needle (most common)
-electro -aqua -moxibustion -bleeding -injection -implantation -acupressure -laser stimulation |
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What things vary depending on what is being treated?
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-method of point stimulation
-length of treatment -frequency |
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What is the Western Scientific theory of acupuncture?
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Stimulation of specific predetermined points on the bodys to achieve a therapeutic or homeostatic effect
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Where are the acupuncture points in general?
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Areas on the skin of decreased electrical resistance or increased electrical conductivity
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What is a Type I acupuncture point?
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1. Motor points
2. Pnt near where nerve enters muscle 3. Pnt in a muscle which when electrical stimulation is applied will produce a max contraction w/min intensity of stimulation |
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Where are Type II acupuncture points located?
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On superficial nerves
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Where are Type III acupuncture points located?
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At high density foci of superficial nerves & nerve plexi
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Where are Type IV acupuncture points located?
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At muscle/tendon junctions
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Which Type of acupuncture point (ie; Type I, II, III, or IV) makes up 67% of all points?
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Type I makes up 67% of all points
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What are the three physiological mechanism theories proposed for accupuncture?
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1. Neural Opiate Theory
2. Hormonal Opiate Theory 3. Autonomic Theory |
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What is released and what do they do under the neural opiate theory?
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1. Endogenous opiates, endorphins and encephalins secondary to nerve stimulation
2. Inhibits pain perception |
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What is the thought behind the hormonal opiate theory?
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Interaction of nerve stimulation w/the release of hormones from the brain
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What is the "thought" behind autonomic theory of acupuncture?
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Cutaneous needle stimulation is transmitted to the internal organs through the somatovisceral (nerve to organ) connections in the spinal cord
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What is the long ass winded definition of Chiropractic? (I would call this more a philisophic definition)
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Science and art based on the inherent recuperative powers of the body & relationship b/w the nervous system & spinal column, including its immediate articulations & role of this relationship in restoration/maintenance of health
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What is the other little blurp of a definition of Chiropractic? (this is more a science def)
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The science of locating & eliminating subluxatins from the spine
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WHat does chiropractors deal most exclusively with?
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The pathologies and dysfunction created by vertebral subluxations
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What are the pathological chain of events that lead to Subluxations (I think these lead to subluxations)
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1. Vertebral misalignment
2. Neuropathy 3. Kinesiopathy 4. Neurological or biomechanical dysfunction 5. Degeneration & tissue death |
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What does initial misalignment result from? (chiropractic)
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From trauma to the vertebrae or from noxious stimuli to the nervous system
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What is a vertebral subluxation complex? (chiropractic)
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Clinical entity of disrelationship of 2 vertebrae in a motor unit resulting in disturbance of normal function
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What is a motor unit? (chiropractic)
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2 adjacent vertebrae and their associated structures
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What are the two kinesiopathy components? (chiropractic)
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1. Hypomobility
2. Hypermobility |
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What is hypomobility? (chiropractic)
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1. Fixation or lack of motion in the motor unit
2. Stiffness, pain, arthritis, disc degeneration |
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What is hypermobility? (chiropractic)
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1. Increased motion in motor unit
2. Stress on ligamentous components as well as joint capsule-pain |
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What are the two neuropathy components of subluxations? (chiropractic)
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1. Facilitation
2. Inhibition |
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What is Facilitation? (chiropractic)
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1. nerve hyperactivity in response to damage/stress
2. End organ stimulation |
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What is inhibition? (chiropractic)
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1. Sustained pressure leading to nerve degeneration
2. Muscle atrophy, gland dysfunction, sensory anaesthesia |
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In general misalignment creates numerous problems including (chiropractic):
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1. Crowding of contents of invertebral formen
2. Tension on meningeal tissues 3. alterations in invertebral disc mechanics 4. spasm of spinal musculature 5. Stresses on ligamentous tissues |
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What do the misalignment problems cause? (chiropractic)
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Pain and altered movement, performance, etc.
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What is chiropractic manipulation?
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Correction of the vertebral subluxation complex
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The adjustment is a specific method in which subluxated vertebrae are replaced into normal spinal alignment, what does it involve?
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Short lever, high velocity, specific and controlled thrusts by hand or instrument that are directed at specific articulations and intended to restore biomechanical & neurologic function
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So, the adjustments contain briefly what? (chiropractic manipulation)
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1. specific vertebrae
2. specific direction 3. specific force 4. specific time |
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What is the success of chiropractic adjustment based on?
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The restoration of joint function & the disappearance of signs and symptoms
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Along the topic of chiropractic adjustment success, kinesiopathy & neuropathy can be reversed if...?
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Tissue destruction has not yet occured
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Who created Homeopathy, What does "homoios" mean? What about "pathy"?
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Dr. Samuel Hahnemann
Homoios = similiar Pathy = suffering |
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What is the basic principle of Homeopathy?
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1. Treating like w/like
2. Simile principle/Law of Similars |
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How is a homeopathic remedy selected?
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For its ability to produce similar signs or symptoms in a healthy individual to those experienced by the patient
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So I guess we have a disease picture and a drug picture. What's the goal of Homeopathy?
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To match these pictures as closely as possible
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What does homeopathic medicine accomplish by stimulatin the same symptoms?
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Assists the body's natural forces for recovery. (Immune stimulation?)
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What are 5 homeopathic medicine types?
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1. Plant vegetable substances
2. Animal Substances 3. Chemical elements & minerals 4. Biological sources 5. Mother tinctures |
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What percentage of all remedies do plant vegetable substances make up? (Homeopathy)
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60%
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What kind of plants are used in plant vegetable homeopathy?
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Flowers, whole plants, leaves, stems, bark, woods, roots, buds, berries, fruits, seeds, bulbs, corn
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What percentage of all remedies do animal substances make up? (Homeopathy)
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20%
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What kind of animal substances are used in homeopathy?
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bees, beetles, snake venom, cuttlefish juice
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What are some chemicale elements/minerals used in homeopathy?
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NaCl, Charcoals, Lead, CaCO2
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What are the two categories of biological sources for homeopathy?
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1. Sarcodes
2. Nosodes |
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What are some examples of sarcodes? (homeopathy)
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1. fresh organs, glandular or tissue extracts removed from healthy pigs, sheep or cattle
2. Pancreas, adrenals, kidney |
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What are some examples of nosodes? (homeopathy)
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1. morbid or diseased tissues
2. ex: pus |
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What is used for mother tinctures? (homeopathy)
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1. The biological sources purified and in their most conventrated forms
2. they are then serially diluted until they are present in very minute amounts |
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What are methods of administration of these homeopathic medicines?
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liquids, tablets, pills (pilules), granules, powders, ointments, creams, injectables, suppositories
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Homeopathy is treatment of what (philisophical)
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Physical and mental
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