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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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disease
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interruption or deviation from normal functions or processes that are ongoing within a cell or entire body system
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pathology
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study of disease
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immunology
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study of immune system
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occupational safety
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physical measures for protection against bites and scratches as well as safefy measures related to equipment used to take and process samples, develop radiographs, and prevent contraction of zoonotic diseases
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parvovirus
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invades lining of mucosal cells of intestinal tract
symptoms occur 5-12 days after infection vaccine effective |
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distemper
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most prevalent canine disease
affects respiratory tract, CNS, teeth, footpads vaccine effective |
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hepatitis
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caused by canine adenovirus type 1
infection via oronasal roue fever, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, lymphadenitis vaccine effective |
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canine infectious tracheobronchitis
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caused by parainfluenza vius that impairs function of cilia lining the trachea and bordetella bronchiseptica causing cough and irritation
vaccine effective |
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coronavirus
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enteric virus invades cells of intestinal lining
symptoms like parvo spread via fecal-oral route |
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feline infectious peritonitis
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effusive form with fluid accumulation and dry form
definitive diagnosis only through antemortem no vaccine |
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feline leukemia virus
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caused by retrovirus
three syndromes include lymphosarcoma, nonregenerative anemia, and immunosuppression intimate contact with infected cats required vaccine effective |
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feline immunodeficiency virus
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caused by RNA virus that undermines immun system
spread via saliva no vaccine |
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panleukopenia
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similar to parvovirus
affects development of fetal brain causing intention tremor vaccine effective |
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rhinotracheitis
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caused by herpesvirus, manifests as mild respiratory tract infection
lesions limited to mucosal surfaces vaccine effective |
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five symptoms of inflammation
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heat
redness pain swelling loss of function |
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three processes involved in inflammation
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blood flow increasing to site of injury
capillary permeability increasing leukocytes migrating to affected area |
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kallikrein-kinin system
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kallikrien is involved in formation of kinins, kinins are released with causes vasodilation, increased permability, and increased lymph drainage
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complement system
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attacks bacterial invaders
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classical pathway
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initiated when an antibody attaches to an antigen on the surface of a bacterium
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alternate pathway
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correlates with nonspecific immunity
stimulated by bacterial cell wall |
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prostaglandins
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enhance pain stimulation and vascular chances related to bradykinin activity
housed in macrophages |
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suppurative exudate
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consists of neutrophils and dead cells
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fibrinous exudate
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consists of plasma proteins such as fibrinogen
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serous exudate
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consists of proteins
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nonsuppurative inflammation
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consists of mononuclear cells such as monocytes and lymphocytes
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three different classifications of necrosis
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coagulation necrosis
liquefaction necrosis caseous necrosis |
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causes of cell injury
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hypoxia
chemical agents physical agents genetic abnormalities biological agents immune-mediated mechanisms nutritional abnormalities |
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lipid peroxidation
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free radical combine with unsaturated lipids in the cellmembrane resulting in formation of a lipid radical and lipid peroxide causing widespread membrane damage
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four phases of wound healing
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inflammatory
debridement repair maturation |
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peptide growth factors important to wound healing
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platelet-derived growth factor
epidermal growth factor fiboblast growth factor transforming growth factor |
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parenchymal regeneration
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based on cellular regeneration
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connective tissue replacement
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involves scar formation
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zones in granulaton tissue
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zone of mature connective tissue
zone of capillary proliferation zone of capillary sprouts and arches zone of necrotic debris |
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four methods of wound closure
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primary closure-first intention
delayed primary closure secondary closure second intention |
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five biological agents that cause cell injury
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bacteria
virus fungi protozoa algae |
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four cell types important in cellular defense
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phagocytes
helper cells cytotoxic cells suppressor cells |
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humoral defense system
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carries antibodies throughout animal's body in fluids
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structure of antibody molecule
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four protein chains, two light and two heavy
constant region and variable region joined together in a Y shape |
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four classes of immunoglobulins
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IgG-most common, provide long-term immunity
IgM-largest, made of five Y units with 10 binding sites, first responders IgA-coat mucosal surfaces, prevent invaders from gaining entry to the body |
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how immunologlobulins work against invaders
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block invaders from entering cells
agglutinate invaders opsonize invaders, make them easier to phagocytize help immune system kill invaders |
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active immunity
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vaccination
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passive immunity
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received from colostrum or transfusion
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live virus
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actual virus is injected
ex:brucella |
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modified liver virus
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altered virus
ex: rabies |
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killed virus
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remains intact but killed with chemical
ex:clostridial vaccines |
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anthrax
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bacillus anthracis
infection through bodily fluid of infected animals or contact with contaminated soil |
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avian chlaymydiosis (ornithosis)
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caused by chlamydia psittica
acquired through inhalation of contaminated feces |
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brucellosis
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coccobaccilli
acquired through contaminted feces |
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campylobacter
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occurs throuh consumption of under-cooked meat as well as fecal-oral route
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cat-scratch disease
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bartonella henselae
aquired through contact with infested fleas |
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capnocytophaga
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contracted through dog and cat bites and scratches
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erysipelothrix
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caused by exposure througgh broken skin
occurs in swine |
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pasteurellosis
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caused by bite wound and inhalation of aerosolized particles
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Q fever (coxiellosis)
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coxiella burnetii
found in mammals, birds, ticks, mites caused by inhalation of aerosolized particles contaminated with birth fluids or urine from infected animals |
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rat-bite fever
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streptobacillus and spirillum
aquired through bites or ingestion of rodent-contaminated food or water |
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salmonellosis
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occurs throug consumption of contaminated food or contact with contaminatd feces
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tetanus
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caused by neurotoxin produceed by clostridium tetani
contamination of broken skin with spores |
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cryptococcosis
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fungal organism
occurs through inhalation of contaminated material |
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dermatophytoses
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caused by microsporum and trichophyton
indirect or direct contact with infected hair is mode of transmission |
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creeping eruption
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caused by ancylostoma
skin is penetrated by larval stage |
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cryptosporidiosis
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parasite
occurs through fecal-oral route |
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giardiasis
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caused by direct contact with infected animals or consumption of fecal contaminated water
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hydatidosis
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caused by echinococcus
transmission through fecal-oral route of larval form (hydatids) |
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scabies
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sarcoptes scabiei
occurs through contact with infected animal |
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strongyloidosis
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transmission through skin penetration of parasite's larval stage
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tapeworms
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caused by eating undercooked meat
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toxoplasmosis
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caused by toxoplasma gondii
occurs through consumption of undercooked meat or fecal-oral route |
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trichinosis
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caused by nematode trichinella spiralis
transmission through undercooked meat |
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visceral larva migrans
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caused by toxocara
occurs through ingestion of larval stage |
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contagious ecthyma
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orf, caused by parapoxcirus
transmission through contact with lesions or mucous membranes of infected animals |
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herpesvirus B
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transmission through bite wounds or aerosolized virus
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newcastle disease
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caused by paramyxovirus
occurs in birds, transmission through contact with eyes |
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rabies
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caused by lyssavirus
infection through bite wounds |
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problems from exposure to waste anesthetic gases
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drowsiness
headache fatigue nauea pruritis depression irritability |
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OSHA
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occupational safety and health administration
regulatory bord that oversees work environments to ensure that they're safe |
