Animal Care And Management

Front 1

capon

Back 1

castrated male fowl

Front 2

tom

Back 2

adult, sexually mature turkey

Front 3

poult

Back 3

young turkey of either sex

Front 4

chick

Back 4

young fowl of either sex

Front 5

Precocial

Back 5

able to move and act freely short after birth or hatching
requires little parenting care

Front 6

What order of birds do ducks and geese belong to?

Back 6

order anseriformes

Front 7

3. Explain how the digestive system of the bird differs from other animals.

Back 7

they have an extension of the esophagus called the crop-storage pouch that allows the bird to quickly consume and then let it digest throughout the day
gizzard-plays the rold of the teeth, breaks down large pieces of foodj
cloaca-digestive, urinary and reproductive tracts empty into the cloaca

Front 8

Name 5 functions of feathers in birds.

Back 8

1. aid in flight
2. thermoregulation
3. protect the bird from rain and snow
4. provide camoflage from predators
5. help attract memebrs of the opposite sex

Front 9

Explain the difference between nidifugous and nidicolous. Give an example for each.

Back 9

nidifugous are precocial and can fend for themselves. nidicolous are naked, unable to walk or thermoregulate
nidifugous-quail, chicken, ducks
nidicolous-hawks, eagles

Front 10

oviparous

Back 10

young develop outside the body in a hardened shell that must be incubated

Front 11

How are hens and roosters induced to breed and lay eggs in a commercial setting?

Back 11

kept at short day conditions until 20 wks of age
-photo-stimulated by changing light patterns to induce breeding

Front 12

What temperature should day old chicks be housed at? What temperature are mature birds housed at

Back 12

32 c
18C for older chickens

Front 13

What are the environmental conditions required to incubate a chickens’ egg? How many days of incubation are required before the egg will hatch

Back 13

incubated for 21 days at 37.6 C at 60 % humidity

Front 14

List 4 advantages and 4 disadvantages of using cages to house chickens

Back 14

advantages:
-birds are separate from their feces
-eggs are cleaner
-more birds can be housed in agiven space
easier to observe and care for the birds

disadvantages
-investment per bird is usually higher
-flies can be a problem
-stress levesl can be higher
-bones of caged animals are more fragile and easily broken

Front 15

If chickens are housed on the floor what 3 properties should the bedding have? Give 4 examples of suitable bedding material

Back 15

absorbant, light, inexpensive and non toxic

-wood shavings
-crushed corn cobs
-recycled paper
-sand

Front 16

Explain what an “all-in, all-out” poultry barn is. What are the advantages of this kind of management system

Back 16

complete clean out of manure and disinfection of the barn will occur before a new batch of chickens is introduced
-disease and organisms are easier to remove
-no new birds are introduced to the established group
-easier to clean
-uniformity of age inthe group

Front 17

What percentage of protein should be present in the chickens diet for the first six weeks of life? What are some of the possible sources of protein used in the diets

Back 17

19-23%
fishmeal, meat meal, veggie proteins

Front 18

List 2 permanent and 1 temporary method of identifying chickens.

Back 18

metal wing tags
numbered tags
leg bands
non toxic spray paint

Front 19

dubbing

Back 19

removal of the comb
-to prevent damage of the comb in caged bird

Front 20

desnooding

Back 20

removal of the snood
to avoid fighting among toms and to reduce transmission of disease

Front 21

toe clipping

Back 21

removal of the toenail at the first joint
-to reduce damage to hens during mating
-to prevent scratching and downgrading in meat birds

Front 22

beak trimming

Back 22

stops cannibilism, fighting and feather pulling
-reduces egg consumption

Front 23

What viral disease causes paralysis of the wings and legs? Where might you expect to find tumors in birds infected with this disease?

Back 23

marek's disease
Tumors develop in the liver, gonads, spleen, kidney and lungs

Front 24

What are the clinical signs of birds infected with Gumboro disease? How do producers protect against this disease

Back 24

anorexia, depression, huddling, ruffed feathers, diarrhea and trembling
-vaccinate hens to pass antibodies onto fertile eggs

Front 25

How does Infectious bronchitis cause economic loses to producers? What are the clinical signs of this disease?

Back 25

the disease can have a drastic affect on egg production and fertility
-sneezing, gasping and headshaking

Front 26

What are the clinical signs of Newcastle disease? List three ways that the disease can be spread to domestic chickens

Back 26

lack of interest in food and water
-repiratory distress
-gasping, coughing
-nervous signs
-wild birds can carry the disease
-spread through aerosols or by ingesting contaminated food and water

Front 27

Explain the difference between vertical and horizontal transmission of diseases

Back 27

hen to egg-vertical
chicken to chicken-horizontal

Front 28

What are two methods to help prevent and treat Chronic Respiratory Disease in fowl?

Back 28

vaccination available for prevention and treatment available through antibiotics

Front 29

What bacteria is responsible for causing Fowl Cholera? Differentiate between the chronic and acute form of the disease

Back 29

pasteurella multicoida
acute-rapid death, with greenish diarrhea
chronic-swelling of wattles and joints which may cause lameness

Front 30

_______________ is a bacteria that can cause food poisoning in humans when uncooked ____________ or ________________ are ingested from an infected chicken

Back 30

salmonella enterditis

eggs, meat

Front 31

What type of chicken is most likely to be affected by Necrotic Enteritis? Why? What 3 predisposing factors are responsible for causing this disease

Back 31

broiler chickens
-housed on dirt floors and dirty buildings
-damage to intestinal walls
-salmonella
-coccidiosis

Front 32

What are the signs of a severe infestation of Eimeria in chickens? How do chickens react to low level infestations of Eimeria

Back 32

bloody droppings, ruffled feathers, loss of appetite, poor growth, diarrhea
-smaller infestations may actually allow the chicken to develop immunity

Front 33

Why is it difficult to treat chickens for Coccidiosis

Back 33

there are so many species of eimeria that not all coccidiostats kill all the species

Front 34

How do turkeys become infected with the protozoan responsible for causing Histomoniasis or _______________? What are the clinical signs of this disease

Back 34

Blackhead
-consumption of contaminiated feces
-consumption of infected intestinal worm or earthworm
-listlessness, droopy wings, sulphur colored diarrhea

Front 35

List four ways to prevent Mycotoxicosis from occurring in a flock of chickens

Back 35

1. monitor feed ingredients
2. add mold inhibitors to low quality feeds
3. disinfect all feed milling and handling equipment
4. do not allow moldy feed to build up in troughs or bins

Front 36

What is the causative agent for Aspergillosis?

Back 36

aspergillus fumigatus
damp conditions

Front 37

List five characteristics of chickens that make them suitable candidates for biomedical research

Back 37

1.easy to house
2. small which makes them easy to handle and work with
3. can be obtained disease free from producer
4. genetically well defined
5. embyro develops outside the body
-easy to monitor fetus development

Front 38

What three types of studies are often done to help improve the welfare of meat and egg producing chickens?

Back 38

feed trials
vaccine studies
product testing
disease study

Front 39

18. What are two examples of how the chick embryo can help keep humans healthy?

Back 39

-vaccine production and diagnosis of infectious disease
-study disease causing agents, pharmacology, nutrition