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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
whether
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a castrated male sheep
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gomer
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vasectomized sheep also known as a teaser
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Diastema
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open space between the incisors and premolars
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gummer
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sheep that no longer have the rest of their teeth
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pheromone
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substances secreted tothe outside of thebody which can be perceived by other individuals of the same species
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Name the 5 steps involved in the process of rumination.
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1) regurgitation
2) re-insalivation 3) remastication 4) reswallowing 5) fermentation |
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A sheep will graze for an average of ________ hours per day and spend ______ hours per day ruminating.
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10 hours
8-10 hours ruminating |
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What are the by-products of rumination and how are they excreted by the body?
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volatile gases-methane and co2 voided by eructation
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How are sheep able to survive in a wide range of environments?
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wool keeps it warm, panting and shearing of wool keeps it cool
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What 2 factors will bring on estrus in the ewe
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pheromones and light cycles
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Explain what is meant by "accelerated lambing"? What breeds of sheep are capable of accelerated lambing?
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dorset and rambouillet
breed at other times of the year including spring can produce 3 crops of lambs in two years |
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What two procedures are done to the ewes prior to breeding? Why are these procedures done
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1. crotched out to not impair heat detection and breeding
2. flushed to improve physical condition and conception |
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A healthy ram should be able to service __________ ewes for _____ estrus cycles.
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40-50
2 estrus cycles |
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What are 5 ways to detect pregnancy in a ewe
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1. use a gomer bull
2. use a fertile ram 3. abdominal palpation 4. use of a doppler to detect fetal heartbeat 5. use of ultra sound |
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What is the gestation length for sheep
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146-149 days
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A ewe can have between _____ to _____ lambs which are weaned when they are _____ weeks old
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1-3
8-12 weeks old |
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Why is the sense of smell so important for sheep
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use smell to identify their young
smell pheromones during estrus to attract males |
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What are the two main causes of death in newborn lambs? What can producers do to help prevent these deaths from occurring
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chilling and starvation
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When housing sheep in a laboratory setting what are the optimal environmental settings
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non slip floor
pens that allow visual contact provide bedding |
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Sheep housed outdoors should be fed _____ kg of hay/ day and have access to a ________________.
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2kg
fresh water |
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What should a sheep housed indoors be fed and how much should they receive?
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1.5-2.5 kg of good quality hay a day
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. List 3 methods to permanently identify sheep and one method to temporarily identify sheep.
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metal and plastic ear tags
wax crayons microchips |
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What are three procedures done to newborn lambs in their first week of life? How and why are theses procedures done
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1)tail docking to prevent fly strike
2. castration-elastrator rings used to completly remove testes 3. navel cord care- cord is dipped in iodine to prevent infection |
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ORF or ____________________ is a highly contagious pox virus
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contagious ecthyema
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Explain what a "self limiting" virus is. Why are young lambs most likely to be infected by ORF
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once an animal is infected it will become immune to future infestations
they have no resistance to the virus |
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What are the clinical signs of an ORF infection and what treatments are available?
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crusty lesions around the mouth and nose
-supportive care and antibiotic cream hand feeding |
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How is Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (OPP) spread through a flock of sheep
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dirty needles
contact with contaminated feces or feed young may get the virus through mothers milk |
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What is the bacteria that causes Q fever
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coxiella burnetti
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How are people likely to become infected with Coxiella burnetti? What are the symptoms of a person infected with this bacteria
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aerosols given off from the afterbirth and placenta of a sheep
flu like symptoms , headache, fever, pneumonia and hepatitis |
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What bacteria is most often the cause of pneumonia? What other factors may cause a sheep to develop pneumonia
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pasteurella
stress, weather, castration, shipping or weaning |
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What are the clinical signs of pneumonia and what is the best way to treat this disease
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runny nose, listlessness, lack of appetite
treat with antibiotics |
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What is the most likely way for Clostridium tetani to enter the body of a sheep
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clostridium lives in the soil for years. contamination from a wound ie castration or docking can get the dirty soil into the blood stream
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Explain how enterotoxemia is caused. What is another name for this disease? Name 2 ways to prevent this disease
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releases a poison into the body
sudden change in the diet of the sheep may cause bacteria to multiply rapidly and produce a large amount of the toxin "overeating disease" 1)good sheep management 2)allow animals to adjust slowly to new feeds |
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The sheep ________ is an ectoparasite that looks like a tick but is actually a _____________.
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ked
wingless fly |
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. What are the clinical signs of hypocalcemia? What is another name for this disease and what is the treatment for this disease
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lambing sickness
listlessness, incoordination, recumbency subQ injection of calcium borogluconate will quickly bring the ewe around |
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What causes white muscle disease? What can be done to treat the disease and what can be done to prevent the disease? What is the other name for this disease
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stiff lamb disease
caused by a deficiency in selenium or vitamin E treat with injectable vitamin E/selenium solution add selenium to feed or give vitamin E injections before breeding |
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When is staggers or ________________ most likely to occur? What are the symptoms of this disease?
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hypomagnesia occurs after an ewe has lambed
excitability, nervous twitching, staggering and convulsions |
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List three characteristics that make sheep the animal of choice for ruminant research. What are two areas of research where sheep have been used as models for human conditions?
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biomedical research
fetal development-lamb provides a similar model for human pregnancy experimental surgery-sheep organs are relatively similar to human organs |