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38 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
whether
a castrated male sheep
gomer
vasectomized sheep also known as a teaser
Diastema
open space between the incisors and premolars
gummer
sheep that no longer have the rest of their teeth
pheromone
substances secreted tothe outside of thebody which can be perceived by other individuals of the same species
Name the 5 steps involved in the process of rumination.
1) regurgitation
2) re-insalivation
3) remastication
4) reswallowing
5) fermentation
A sheep will graze for an average of ________ hours per day and spend ______ hours per day ruminating.
10 hours
8-10 hours ruminating
What are the by-products of rumination and how are they excreted by the body?
volatile gases-methane and co2 voided by eructation
How are sheep able to survive in a wide range of environments?
wool keeps it warm, panting and shearing of wool keeps it cool
What 2 factors will bring on estrus in the ewe
pheromones and light cycles
Explain what is meant by "accelerated lambing"? What breeds of sheep are capable of accelerated lambing?
dorset and rambouillet
breed at other times of the year including spring
can produce 3 crops of lambs in two years
What two procedures are done to the ewes prior to breeding? Why are these procedures done
1. crotched out to not impair heat detection and breeding
2. flushed to improve physical condition and conception
A healthy ram should be able to service __________ ewes for _____ estrus cycles.
40-50
2 estrus cycles
What are 5 ways to detect pregnancy in a ewe
1. use a gomer bull
2. use a fertile ram
3. abdominal palpation
4. use of a doppler to detect fetal heartbeat
5. use of ultra sound
What is the gestation length for sheep
146-149 days
A ewe can have between _____ to _____ lambs which are weaned when they are _____ weeks old
1-3
8-12 weeks old
Why is the sense of smell so important for sheep
use smell to identify their young
smell pheromones during estrus to attract males
What are the two main causes of death in newborn lambs? What can producers do to help prevent these deaths from occurring
chilling and starvation
When housing sheep in a laboratory setting what are the optimal environmental settings
non slip floor
pens that allow visual contact
provide bedding
Sheep housed outdoors should be fed _____ kg of hay/ day and have access to a ________________.
2kg
fresh water
What should a sheep housed indoors be fed and how much should they receive?
1.5-2.5 kg of good quality hay a day
. List 3 methods to permanently identify sheep and one method to temporarily identify sheep.
metal and plastic ear tags
wax crayons
microchips
What are three procedures done to newborn lambs in their first week of life? How and why are theses procedures done
1)tail docking to prevent fly strike
2. castration-elastrator rings used to completly remove testes
3. navel cord care- cord is dipped in iodine to prevent infection
ORF or ____________________ is a highly contagious pox virus
contagious ecthyema
Explain what a "self limiting" virus is. Why are young lambs most likely to be infected by ORF
once an animal is infected it will become immune to future infestations

they have no resistance to the virus
What are the clinical signs of an ORF infection and what treatments are available?
crusty lesions around the mouth and nose
-supportive care and antibiotic cream
hand feeding
How is Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (OPP) spread through a flock of sheep
dirty needles
contact with contaminated feces or feed
young may get the virus through mothers milk
What is the bacteria that causes Q fever
coxiella burnetti
How are people likely to become infected with Coxiella burnetti? What are the symptoms of a person infected with this bacteria
aerosols given off from the afterbirth and placenta of a sheep
flu like symptoms , headache, fever, pneumonia and hepatitis
What bacteria is most often the cause of pneumonia? What other factors may cause a sheep to develop pneumonia
pasteurella
stress, weather, castration, shipping or weaning
What are the clinical signs of pneumonia and what is the best way to treat this disease
runny nose, listlessness, lack of appetite

treat with antibiotics
What is the most likely way for Clostridium tetani to enter the body of a sheep
clostridium lives in the soil for years. contamination from a wound ie castration or docking can get the dirty soil into the blood stream
Explain how enterotoxemia is caused. What is another name for this disease? Name 2 ways to prevent this disease
releases a poison into the body
sudden change in the diet of the sheep may cause bacteria to multiply rapidly and produce a large amount of the toxin
"overeating disease"
1)good sheep management
2)allow animals to adjust slowly to new feeds
The sheep ________ is an ectoparasite that looks like a tick but is actually a _____________.
ked
wingless fly
. What are the clinical signs of hypocalcemia? What is another name for this disease and what is the treatment for this disease
lambing sickness
listlessness, incoordination, recumbency
subQ injection of calcium borogluconate will quickly bring the ewe around
What causes white muscle disease? What can be done to treat the disease and what can be done to prevent the disease? What is the other name for this disease
stiff lamb disease
caused by a deficiency in selenium or vitamin E
treat with injectable vitamin E/selenium solution
add selenium to feed or give vitamin E injections before breeding
When is staggers or ________________ most likely to occur? What are the symptoms of this disease?
hypomagnesia occurs after an ewe has lambed
excitability, nervous twitching, staggering and convulsions
List three characteristics that make sheep the animal of choice for ruminant research. What are two areas of research where sheep have been used as models for human conditions?
biomedical research
fetal development-lamb provides a similar model for human pregnancy
experimental surgery-sheep organs are relatively similar to human organs