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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Invertebrates |
No Backbone, 95% of organisms
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Vertebrates |
Possess backbone, 5% of organisms
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Protostome |
Develop mouth first on blastopore |
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Deuterostome |
Develop anus first on blastopore |
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Coelom |
Fluid filled body cavity, where organs are normally suspended in |
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Ectoderm |
Outer membrane layer |
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Mesoderm |
Middle membrane layer |
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Endoderm |
Inner membrane layer |
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Coelomate |
Body cavity completely lined with mesoderm |
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Pseudocoelomate |
Body cavity partially lined with mesoderm |
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Acoelomate |
No body cavity |
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Radial symmetry |
Symmetrical from longitudinal orientation, less advanced |
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Bilateral symmetry |
Symmetrical from a vertical plane, cut through front to back, more advanced, possess anterior and posterior, possess dorsal and ventral |
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Asymmetry |
No symmetry |
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Phylogeny |
The division of animals based on early development |
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Cephalization |
The gathering of sense organs and nerve cells into the head region, complex |
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Dorsal |
The "back" |
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Ventral |
The underside |
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Anterior |
The head |
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Posterior |
The tail |
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Segmentation |
The division of an animal's body parts into identical segments |
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Platyhelminthes |
Acoelomates, bilaterally symmetrical, excretes by diffusion, hermaphroditic Turbellaria - free-living, flatworms, marine Trematoda - parasitic internal/external, flukes Cestoda - parasitic, tapeworms, intestinal |
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Hermaphrodite |
Possesses both male and female organs |
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Eye spot |
Light sensitive organ |
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Gastrovascular cavity |
Adigestive cavity with only one opening |
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Pharynx |
Muscular structure that brings food into the organism |
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Proglottid |
A segment of a tapeworm that contains both male and female sexual organs |
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Scolex |
A tapeworm's head, attaches to the intestine via hooks and suckers |
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Nematoda |
- roundworms - pseudocoelomate - bilateral symmetry - cephalization - gases exchanged through body wall - longitudinal muscles |
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Annelida |
- earthworms - coelomates - segmentation - closed circulatory system - solid waste exits via anus - nitrogenous waste removed by nephridia - hermaphroditic - breathe through moist skin |
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Esophagus |
Where food travels through to get to crop |
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Crop |
A temporary storage for food |
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Gizzard |
Grinds up food |
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Intestine |
Food is digested and nutrients are absorbed |
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Ganglion |
Cluster of nerve cells, carries messages from sense organs, coordinates muscle movement |
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Nephridia |
Tube shaped excretory system, deposits nitrogenous waste |
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Setae |
Bristle like hairs to help with attachment |
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Aortic Arches |
Encircles esophagus, pumps blood |
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Clitellum |
Deposits mucus onto where sperm and eggs are deposited |
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Blastula |
An early form of an embryo undergoing developmental processes |
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Respiration |
The way that organisms breathe
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Internal transportation |
How nutrients are distributed around the body |
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Feeding |
How animals sustain themselves |
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Excretion |
The way that animals get rid of their waste |
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Response |
How the animal responds to the environment |
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Movement |
How animals move |
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Reproduction |
The way that animals reproduce |
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Porifera |
- sponges - spicules - water and nutrients enter through pores - waste leaves through osculum - choanocytes bring water in and trap food particles - respirates by being in contact with water - reproduces asexually by budding - reproduces sexually by sending off sperm to swim to fertilize the egg in the sperm |
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Choanocytes |
Theflagellated cells on the inside of sponges, traps food |
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Spicules |
Thin fibres that deter predators |
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Cnidaria |
- jellies, sea anemones, corals - radial symmetry - possess mouth/anus - no muscle cells - nematocysts capture and bring in food - primitive nerve net - asexual reproduction via budding and reproduction - sexual reproduction via release of gametes into water |
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Medusa |
- free-swimming, bell shaped with tentacles - contracts bell forcing water out of shell - sexual |
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Polyp |
- tubular, tentacles surrounding opening - contract and dilate body & tentacles - asexual |
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Nematocysts |
Stinging cells on surface of cnidarians |
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Suckers/hooks |
Assists with attachment to prey |
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Septum |
Divides the segments of an annelid |
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Closed circulatory system |
Blood does not exit blood vessels |
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Open circulatory system |
Blood travels by blood vessels but also enters body cavity
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Molluska |
- Gastropoda - Bivalvia - Cephalopoda - visceral mass - foot - mantle - coelom - bilateral symmetry - Cephalopods have closed circulatory system, others have open - highly developed cephalization - gills for respiration |
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Gastropoda |
- limpets, snails, slugs and whelks - large muscular foot - defined head - some have gills, others lungs - have radula to get food |
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Bivalvia |
-clams, oysters, muscles, scallops and shipworms - "two shelled" - shells can be tightly closed by muscles - muscular foot used for locomotion - no head, teeth - use siphon to get food and oxygen - open circulatory system - often attached to surfaces |
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Cephalopoda |
- squid, octopi, cuttlefish, nautilus and argonauts - head, foot - bilateral symmetry - prominent head, arms, tentacles - highly developed nervous system - can see - hard, beak-like mouth - move by jet propulsion - secrete ink in danger - can change color with chromatophores |
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Visceral mass |
Soft body of molluska |
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Foot |
Used for locomotion, adapted to tentacles in cephalopods |
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Mantle |
The membranous, sometimes muscular covering that envelops but does not completely enclose the visceral mass, can secrete a shell |
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Radula |
A chitinous tongue used for feeding |
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Dioecious |
Having the male and female reproductive structures on separate animals |
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Siphon |
Tube structure where water flows through |
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Hemocyanin |
The "blood" of mollusks |
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Echinodermata |
- Asteroidea - Echinoidea - Holothuroidea - Ophiuroidea - Coelomate - Radial symmetry - Calcareous skeleton - Water vascular system - Complete digestive system - Open circulatory system - Simple nervous system w/ no brain |
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Asteroidea |
- sea stars - possess 5 or more arms which radiate from a central disk - mouth is located on oral surface underneath body - possess a simple, light-sensitive eye spot at end of each arm - have 2 stomachs, cardiac and pyloric |
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Echinoidea |
- Sea urchins - spined - no rays, no arms - sphere shaped - have socket joints for movement - possess mouth with 5 teeth - fleshy tongue |
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Holothuroidea |
Sea cucumbers |
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Ophiuroidea |
Brittle stars |
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Pentaradial |
5 rayed body |
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Cardiac stomach |
Can be pushed out of mouth to engulf food and digest, digested food brought to pyloric stomach
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Pyloric stomach |
Further digests food, passes it onto intestines and anus for absorption |
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Arthropoda |
- Chelicerata - Crustacea - Uniramia - bilateral symmetry - segmentation - jointed appendages - exoskeleton - open circulatory system w/ developed heart - blood pumped through sinuses, collects in large cavity by heart, pumped back by heart - well developed muscles - well developed nervous system - solid wastes exit through anus - nitrogenous wastes exit through Malphighian tubes and the green gland |
