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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is taxonomy? |
Theories/techniques of naming, describing and classifying animals |
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What is the taxon for humans? |
Chordata > Mammalia > primates > hominidae > homo > sapiens |
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What is the order of classification? |
Phylum - class - order - family - genus - species - subspecies |
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What is the taxon for dogs? |
Chordata - Mammalia - carnivora - canidae - canis - lupus - familiaris |
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What is entomology? |
The study of insects |
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What is ichthyology? |
The study of fish |
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What is herpetology? |
The study of reptiles |
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What do tetrapods include? |
Amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals |
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What does fishes include? |
Jawless, cartilaginous, bony |
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What groups are included in anamniotes? |
Jawless fish, cartilaginous fish, bony fish and amphibians |
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What groups are included in amniotes? |
Reptiles, birds, mammals |
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What is characteristic of anamniotes? |
Lay eggs in water, organisms fully exposed |
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What is characteristic of amniotes? |
Lay eggs on land or retained with fertilized mother |
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True or false: live birth happens in some reptiles |
True (some snakes in NS) |
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What are some animals that are part of the cartilaginous fish group? |
Rays and sharks |
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What is characteristic of poikilothermic animals? |
(Exothermic/ectothermic) - body temperature regulated externally. Rapid change in temperature will kill species |
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What is characteristic of homeothermic animals? |
(Endothermic) Body temperature is regulated internally by hypothalamus. |
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True or false: if temperature is too unpredictable, reptiles will remain underground. |
True |
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Which species are classified as diapsia? |
Sphenodonts, snakes, lizards, turtles/tortoises, alligators/crocodiles, birds(aves) |
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Which species are classified as lepidosaura? |
Sphenodonts, snakes, lizards |
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Which species are classified as squamata? |
Snakes, lizards |
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True or false: sphenodonts are not primitive forms of reptiles |
False. They are. |
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True or false: birds are essentially flying reptiles |
True |
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Which species are classified as lower vertebrates? |
Jawless fish, cartilaginous fish, bony fish, amphibians and reptiles |
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Which species are classified as higher vertebrates? |
Mammals, birds |
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True or false: some origins of our behaviour cannot be traced through an examination of lower vertebrates |
False. Some origins of our behaviour can potentially be traced (e.g. sensorimotor, sexual, social) |
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True or false: our lineage excludes birds |
True. They represent an offshoot from ancestral reptiles parallel to ours. |
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How species of fish are there roughly? |
~25,000 between 23250 and 28500 |
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What animals can be found in the agnatha species? |
Lampreys and hagfish |
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What animals can be found in the Chondrichthyes species? |
Sharks, rays and other cartilaginous fish |
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What animals can be found in the osteichthyes species? |
Bony fishes |
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What are teleosts and which species are they found in? |
"Advanced" osteichthyes (dominant group of modern fish) |
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What are chondrosteans? |
Found in osteichthyes, primitive fish (reedfish or sturgeons) |
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What are holosteans? |
Intermediate osteichthyes (gars of bowfin) |
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How many species of amphibians are there? |
~5390 |
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True or false: amphibians are throught to be evolved from dipnomorpha (lungfish) |
True |
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What species are classified as anoura (without tail)? |
Frogs and toads ~4720 |
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What species are classified as urodela (with tail)? |
Salamanders and newts ~510 |
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What species are classified as gymnophiona? |
Caecilians ~160 |
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True or false: the mother of Redback salamanders will protect her eggs despite being an amniote? |
True. This is suggestive of maternal care which is not very common in amphibians. |
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How many species of reptiles are there? |
7700 |
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Turtles are a member of what subgroup? |
Chelonia (295 species) |
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True or false: squamata are part of the lepidosaura sub-grouping? |
True |
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What three sub-groups are part of squamata? |
Amphibisbaena (worm lizards, 170), ohpidia (snakes, 2920), sauria (lizards, 4470) |
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True or false: tuataras are members of the rhynchocephalia group |
True (2 species) |
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True or false: crocodilia are members of the archosaura group |
True (23) |
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How are levels of melatonin regulated in humans? |
It is suppressed through full spectrum or blue wave light in the eyes |
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What is the function of the pineal gland? |
Part of the endocrine system that produces melatonin |
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True or false: pineal gland produces melatonin when there is light |
False. It produces it in the absence of light |
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What is unique about tuatara in relation to their pineal gland? |
They have a small hole on their head which allows light to directly access pineal gland. |
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How many species of birds (aves) are there thought to be? |
~9000 |
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How many species of mammals are there thought to be? |
4444, 4500 or 4675 |
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What are the three sub-classes of Mammalia? |
Prototheria, metatheria and eutheria |
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True or false: most mammals are eutheria |
True (18 orders) |
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True or false: platypus and echidnas are not prototheria |
False. They are prototheria (1 order) |
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True or false: the opossum is an example of a metatheria |
True (7 orders) |
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What is unique to marsupials? |
Mammals are born incompletely developed and are typically carried in a pouch |
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The former perspective of the order rodentia included which families? |
Mouse-like, squirrel-like and porcupine-like |
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What is the current perspective of the order rodentia? |
Two families: sciurognathi (mouse and squirrel like) and hystricognathi (porcupine like) |
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Which family is the chinchilla a member of? |
Hystricognathi |
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True of false: marsupials are an example of prototheria |
False. They are members of metatheria |
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True or false: placentals are members of metatheria |
False. They are members of eutheria |
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True or false: order rodentia represents 55.2℅ of all mammals |
False. They represent 40.8℅ of all mammals |
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What are some examples of carnivora? |
Dogs, cats, hyenas, bears, otters |
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True or false: humans are members of order primates |
True |
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The former perspective on primates includes which two groups? |
Prosimii and anthropoidea |
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Anthropoidea includes which two sub-groups? |
Platyrhini and catarhini |
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True or false: Catarhini (of the former perspective) included new world monkeys |
False. Platyrhini included new world monkeys while catarhini included old world monkies. |
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True or false: catarhinii were thought to be from South America |
False. They were thought to be from Africa and Asia (old world) |
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What two groups are in the current perspective of primates? |
Strepsirhini and haplorhini |
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True or false: strepsirhini are mainly diurnal and mainly eat vegetables |
False. They are nocternal insectevores. |
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True or false: haplorhini primates are a more modern and are active mostly during the day |
True |
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Humans belong to which sub-order of primates? And to which family of that subgroup? |
Haplorhini, hominidae |
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Marmosets and tamarins are part of which haplorhini family? |
Callitrichdae |
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True or false: gibbons are members of the hylobatidae family? |
True |
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True or false: humans are part of the order primates? |
True |
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Which order do dogs belong to? |
Carnivora |
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Which family of haplorhini is the only other primate (than humans) to have a family like concept? Where are they found? |
Callitrichidae (South America) |
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What is another term for hominidae? |
Pongidae |
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What two classes of carnivora are part of the former perspective? |
Pinnipeds (sea) and fissipeds (land) |
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What two classes of carnivora are part of the current perspective? |
Dog-like and cat-like |
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True or false: mustidae and dogs are thought to have a more recent common ancestor than that of dogs and cats? |
True |
