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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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classical conditioning
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individuals are trained by experience to give the same response to more than one stimulus-even a stimuus that has nothing to do wtih the normal response
Ex: Pavlov's dogs learned to associate the sound of a bell with food. thus the stimuli was a bell and the response was salivation |
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operant coditioning
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A technique of behaviour modification through positive and negative reinforcement and positive and negative punishment
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innate motor programs
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Behavior that is inherited and shows little variation based on learning or the individual’s condition
1. Fixed action patterns- behaviors performed in the same way every time and stimulated by a sign stimuli. And example innate behaviors Ex: kangaroo rats here the sound a rattlesnake’s rattle they jump back Humans jump back when they hear a piercing scream in a darkened room 2. Situations where learning is not possible Ex: web weaving spiders and nest-building in bird are innate because offspring have little or no opportunity to watch adults perfrom tehse behavior and learn from them |
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imprinting
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type of learning which occurs during the critical period* in which a young animal learns to recognize the indiviaul caring for it
Ex: Ducklings and goslings adopt as their mother the first moving thing that they see - fast and irreversible - occurs during critical period |
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adaptatio
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short term change in fire rate
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habituation
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long term decline in firing rate caused by repeated stimulation
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sensitization
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loss of habituation after an irrevlevant stimulatus; habituated cells
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what does screening pigment do?
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it's in front of our eyes and it screeens out UV radiation
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what types of cones do humans have?
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red, blue, and green cones?
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periphery
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monitors movement
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visual accuity
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how much of an angle you can determine
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excitation inhibition
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The excitatory phase of stimulation is transmitted directly to the nerve. Inhibition, however, is effected not by stimulating the motor output directly, as is done in the parasympathetic nerves, but rather by the interaction of inhibitory mechanisms on the excitatory impulses.
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pathway of excitation/ inhibition
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receptors, horizontal cells, bipolar cells, ganglion cells
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line detectors
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tell us about horizontal and vertical lines
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hyper-complex cells
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cells that respond to a spot shape coming in front left
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taxis
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positioning the body toward or away from the stimulus
( phototaxis-toward the light) |
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compass orientation
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movement that is oriented in a specific direction
( ie the compass analogy) |
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piloting
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the use of familiar landmarks
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true navigation
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the ability to locate a specific place on the earth's surface
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speculum
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innate cue like a color combination that helps chicks recognize their parents.
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How do honeybees indicate where the source of food is to the rest of the hive?
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Bees perform either the "round" dance or the "waggle dance" depending on the distance the food source is from the hive. If the the source is within 80-100 m of the hive, the honeybees will perform the round dance, and the waggle dance is used to indicate the direction and distance to food over 100 m from the hive. In the waggle dane the bee move in a circel but ehn make a straigh run through the cirlce. the length of the straight run indicates the relative distance of the food. the bees move in relation to the relative angle from the sun to indicate the direction of the food. For example if the food is 90 deg to the right of the sun, the honeybee with move 90 to the right of the straight line.
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