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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anesthetic agent |
Any drug used to induce a loss of sensation with or without unconsciousness |
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Adjunct |
A drug that is not a true anesthetic, but that is used during anesthesia to produce other desired effects |
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What are the effects of adjuncts?
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Sedation Muscle relaxation Analgesia Reversal Neuromuscular blockade Parasympathetic blockade |
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What are the routes of administration for anesthetic agents and adjuncts? |
Inhalant Injectable Oral Topical |
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When do you administer anesthetic agents and adjuncts? |
Preanesthetic Induction Maintenance |
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What are the different classifications for anesthetic agents? (Based on principal effect) |
Local General Sedatives Tranquilizers Analgesics Neuromuscular blockers Anticholinergic agents Reversal agents |
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What are agonists? |
Drugs that bind to and stimulate target tissue |
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Are most anesthetic agents and adjuncts considered agonists? |
Yes
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`What are antagonists? |
Drugs that bind to target tissue but do not stimulate |
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Are reversal agents agonists or antagonists? |
Antagonists |
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What are agonist-antagonist or partial agonists? |
Drugs that partially stimulate target tissue and are used to block pure agonists |
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Name a class of drugs that are partial agonists/agonist-antagonist |
Opioids |
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What are analgesics? |
Drugs that offer some pain relief |
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Are most general anesthetics analgesics? |
NO |
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When do you provide analgesics? |
Pre and post operatively |
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Do true analgesics provide general anesthesia? |
No |
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Should you mix drugs in a single syringe? |
No, unless they are compatible |
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If there is a precipitate when drugs are mixed, should you administer it? |
NO |
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Are most anesthetic agents and adjuncts water soluble? |
Yes |
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What do preanesthetic medications do? |
Calm or sedate an excited animal Minimize adverse drug effects Reduce dose of concurrent drugs Analgesia Muscle relaxation Smoother induction and recovery |
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What are the routes of administration for preanesthetic medications? |
SubQ: Slowest onset, longest duration IM: Faster onset, shorter duration IV: Fastest onset, shortest duration |
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What are anticholinergics? |
Drugs that act against the parasympathetic nervous system |
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What do preanesthetic anticholinergics do? |
Block acetylcholine |
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What is acetylcholine? |
A neurotransmitter that acts as an inhibitor |
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What does blocking acetylcholine do? |
Prevents and treats bradycardia Decreases salivary secretions |
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What are two preanesthetic anticholinergics? |
Atropine Glycopyrrolate |
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What are the routes of administration for atropine and glycopyrrolate? |
IV IM SC IT |
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Atropine characteristics |
Faster onset Shorter peak Shorter duration |
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Glycopyrrolate |
Slower onset Longer peak Longer duration |
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What are the anticholinergic effects on the CNS |
Limited effect |
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What are the anticholinergic effects on the cardiovascular system |
Prevent bradycardia |
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What are the anticholinergic effects on the secretions of the body |
Decreases |
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What are the anticholinergic effects on the eye |
Mydriasis (dilation) Corneal drying |
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What are the anticholinergic effects on the lungs |
Bronchodilation |
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What are some adverse anticholinergic effects? |
Cardiac arrhythmia Thickened respiratory and salivary excretions Intestinal peristalsis inhibition |
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What is an adverse effect of atropine? |
Temporary bradycardia |
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What are four classes of tranquilizers and sedatives? |
Phenothiazines Benzodiazepines Alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists Alpha2-antagonists |
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What is an example of a phenothiazine? |
Acepromazine |
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Acepromazine characteristics |
Prenanesthetic sedation Decreases the dose of general anesthetics Eases induction and recovery Can be used with opioids for minor procedures No reversal agent Metabolized by the liver Will slowly cross the placenta |
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For which species of animals is acepromazine approved? |
Horses Cats Dogs |
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What is the route of administration for acepromazine? |
IV IM |
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What are the effects of acepromazine on the CNS |
Calming Reluctance to move Decreased interest in surroundings |
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Are cats as sedated as horses or dogs with acepromazine? |
No |
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Is acepromazine an analgesic? |
No |
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What are the effects of acepromazine on the cardiovascular system? |
Hypotension Increased heart rate Hypothermia Protects against arrhythmias Decreases cardiac output |
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What are the effects of acepromazine on the respiration system? |
Worsens respiratory depression effect of other drugs |
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What are the effects of acepromazine on the gastrointestinal system? |
It is an antiemetic |
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Does acepromazine prevent histamine release and decrease allergic responses? |
Yes |
