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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Calves, sheep and goats are similar to _______.
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Camelids
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True or false. Regurgitation is common in ruminants.
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True
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Why is it so important to withhold food and water from ruminants before anesthesia?
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Rumen doesn't empty b/w feedings so withhold food and water
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What drugs are seldomly used for sedation in ruminants?
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Phenothiazine derivatives
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Ruminants are profoundly sensitive to most _______ agents.
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Alpha-2 agents
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Compare the sensitivity of sheep, goats and calves to alpha-2 agents.
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Sheep < calves < goats
-ruminants are 10x more sensitive to xylazine than horses |
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What are 4 drugs used for sedation in ruminants?
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1) Xylazine
2) Medetomidine 3) Detomidine 4) Butorphanol |
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What are 4 drugs used for restraint in ruminants?
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1) Xylazine
2) Romifidine 3) Detomidine 4) Medetomidine |
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What 2 drugs are used for neuroleptanalgesia in ruminants? How is it administered?
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Xylazine
Butorphanol -Given simultaneously -20-30 minutes duration |
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What are the 4 components to preanesthetic preparation of ruminants?
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Fast 8-24 ours
Withhold water 8-18 hours Clinical pathology exams as needed Venous catheterization |
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Do ruminants usually require sedatives for recovery? Chronotropes?
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no on both
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What size catheter is used in ruminants?
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12-18 ga x 13 cm
Can use extension set for convenience |
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What are 7 agents used for induction in ruminants?
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1) Thiopental
2) Thiopental -Guafenesin 3) Ketamine- guafenesin 4) Xylazine followed by ketamine 5) Diazepam combined w/ ketamine 6) Tiletamine- zolazepam 7) Propofol |
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What are the 2 different ways that xylazine and ketamine can be administered?
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Can use a higher dose of xylazine and lower dose of ketamine and get a longer duartion (45 m) compared to 20 m duration with lower doses of xylazine and higher doses of ketamine
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What are 2 different combinations of injectable anesthetics used for maintenance in ruminants?
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1) Triple drip
-xylazine -ketamine -Guafenesin 2) Propofol |
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What are 4 inhalant anesthetics used for induction/ maintenance in ruminants?
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Isoflurane
Desflurane Sevoflurane Halothane -can use nitrous oxide too to hasten mask induction |
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How do you perform orotracheal intubation in adult cattle?
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Blindley or palpation
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How do you intubate sheep & goats?
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Laryngoscopy with lidocaine
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What equipment do you need for intubating ruminants?
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Mouth speculum/ gauze loops
Gauze sponge on forceps -laryngoscope w/ lidocaine for calves/ sheep & goats |
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What are 6 ways to confirm intubation of ruminants?
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1) Absence of stertorus breath sounds
2) Steaming/ clearing of tube 3) Evacuated bulb 4) Exchange of gas 5) Synchronous movement of chest & rebreathing bag 6) Presence of CO2 in expired gas |
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What is the normal mean blood pressure of cattle?
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90-120 mmHg
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What is the normal mean pressure goats and sheep?
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70-90 mmHg
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What is the normal respiratory rate of adult ruminants? Juveniles?
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20-30 breaths/ minute- adult
25-40 breaths/minute- juveniles |
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What are 3 ways that the respiratory system is monitored in ruminants?
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1) Respiratory rate
2) Capnography 3) Blood/gas analysis |
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What are 2 ways to monitor the CNS in ruminants?
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1) ocular reflexes/ rotation
2) response to pain |
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What are 6 components of supportive therapy of ruminants?
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1) Positioning
2) Fluid administration 3) Mechanical ventilation 4) Body temperature 5) Oxygen 6) Intubation |
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What are 4 different ways of positioning ruminants?
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1) Flat padded surface
2) Down forelimb extended w/ inner tube for heavier cattle 3) Elevate upper legs when in lateral recumbency 4) Protect dependent eye |
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What are 4 types of fluid that you can administer to ruminants?
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1) lactated ringers
2) Normosol-R 3) Saline 4) Sodium bicarbonate |
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Are mechanical ventilators used very often with ruminants?
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Yes, ruminants ventilate poorly so they make management easier
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What is the normal setting of frequency for a mechanical ventilator in ruminants? tidal volume? Pinsp?
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6-12 breaths/ minute-F
Vt= 15 mL/kg Pinsp: 20-25 cm H20 |
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What are 3 possible complications of mechanical ventilation in ruminants?
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Bradycardia, hypotension, barotrauma
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What are 2 ways to assess mechanical ventilation in a ruminant?
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Capnogrpahy (PetCO2: 35-40 mmHg)
Blood gas analysis (PaCO2 40 mmHg) |
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What are 3 drugs used for cardiovascular support in ruminants?
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1) Calcium gluconate
2) Dobutamine 3) Ephedrine |
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What drug is considered for use in ruminant recovery?
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Alpha-2 antagonists
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Where should ruminants recover from anesthesia at?
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In a stall, seldom try to get up early
-assistant should be available |
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What should you do after extubation?
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Confirm gas exchange
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