Anesthesia & Pharmacology Midterm

Front 1

The degree or percentage to which a drug is absorbed and reaches circulation is called?

Back 1

Bioavaliability

Front 2

Another name for generic drug name

Back 2

Non-Proproetary Name

Front 3

Trade name or brand name of drug

Back 3

Proprietary name

Front 4

What does AU stand for?

Back 4

Both Ears

Front 5

The study of absorption, blood levels, distribution, biotransformation, and exertion of drugs

Back 5

Pharmacokinetics

Front 6

What is a onetime higher dose of a drug that gets drug concentration up to therapeutic range in a short period of time

Back 6

Loading Dose

Front 7

Dose of drug that keeps drug at therapeutic range

Back 7

Maintenance dose

Front 8

Class of drug that has highest potential for abuse? (C1-CV)

Back 8

CI

Front 9

What does parenteral drug administration mean?

Back 9

Drug routes apart from the GI tract

Front 10

Definition of Passive Diffusion

Back 10

Random movement of drug from an area of high concentration to area of low concentration

Front 11

Definition of Facilitated Diffusion

Back 11

Movement of molecules through membrane using a carrier protein and no energy is expended

Front 12

Definition of Active transport

Back 12

movement of molecules across membrane from low to high concentration using a carrier protein where ATP is expended from

Front 13

Chemical alteration of drug molecules into metabolites by body cells or metabolism of drug

Back 13

Biotransformation

Front 14

Primary site of biotransformation in the body

Back 14

Liver

Front 15

Detoxifying enzyme found in hepatocytes

Back 15

Cytochrome P450

Front 16

4 main pathways by which drugs undergo biotransformation

Back 16

1. Oxidation- loss electrons

2. Reduction- gain electrons

3. Hydrolysis - water molecules cause drug split

4. Conjugation -make drug more soluble add glucaronic acid

Front 17

Tendency of a drug to move from area of high concentration to area of low means it is following the..

Back 17

Concentration gradient

Front 18

Water loving drugs

Back 18

Hydrophilic (usually ionized)

Front 19

Fat loving drugs

Back 19

Lipophilic ( non ionized)

Front 20

Defintion ofIonized vs. nonionized

Back 20

Charged vs. uncharged

Front 21

When a drug molecule changes from ionized to nonionized form as it moves to another part of the body it is called..

Back 21

Ion trapping

Front 22

What happens when acidic drugs are in an alkaline environment?

vs.

What happens when acid drugs are in an acid environment?

Back 22

They become ionized/charged/hydrophilic

They become nonionized/uncharged/lipophilic

Front 23

When drugs that pass through the intestinal lumen to the liver via the portal vein are then metabolized and excreted thereby reducing he amount of active drug in the system. This is called what?

Back 23

First Pass Effect

Front 24

Ratio of ionized drug to nonionized drug symbol

Back 24

pKa

Front 25

Gill cells surround the capillaries of the brain and spinal cord so there are no fenestrations. Only the most lipophilic drug can enter this defense system called what?

Back 25

The blood-brain barrier

Front 26

Areas of the body with similar defense to the blood brain barrier (3)

Back 26

1. Prostate gland

2. Globe of the eye

3. Some extent the placenta

Front 27

Type of dog breed that is an exception to the blood-brain barrier

Back 27

Collie and collie types

"white feet don't treat"

Front 28

Drug that binds to a cell receptor and cause actoion are called?

Back 28

Agonist

Front 29

Drugs that inhibit or block the response of a cell to its receptor are called?

Back 29

Antagonists

Front 30

Competes with agonist for same receptor site can be overcome with a high does of an antagonist. This action is called?

Back 30

Competitive antagonisms

reversible

Front 31

Acts as a roadblock to receptor site because it binds to a site different from the agonist and mechanically changes the agonists receptor. This action is called what?

Back 31

Non-competitive antagonism

irreversible

Front 32

has some effect on the agonist at lesser degree

Back 32

partial agonist/antagonist

Front 33

The strength of binding between a receptor and a drug

Back 33

Affinity

Front 34

Drug dose that produces desired effect with minimal or no signs of toxicity

Back 34

Therapeutic index (LD/ED)

LD-lethal dose ED-effective dose

Front 35

Point ay which drug accumulation and elimination are equal

Back 35

Steady state

Front 36

Why would an oral deworming drug be hydrophilic?

Back 36

Because the need to stay in the gut to work and no be absorbed by the lumen

Front 37

Definition of pinocytosis / phagocytosis

Back 37

cell drinking / cell eating

Front 38

If you want a drug to be absorbed in the GI tract it needs to be what?

Back 38

Lipophilic

(PO drugs usually lipophilic)

Front 39

SQ and IM drugs are usually hydo or lipophilic?

Back 39

hydrophilic

Front 40

What parts of the kidney are involved in drug elimination?

Back 40

Glomerular filtration, Tubular reabsorption. Tubular secretion

Front 41

Hydrophilic drugs are excreted into bile are eliminated how?

Back 41

In the feces

Front 42

Are weak acids excreted better in acid or basic urine?

Are weak bases excreted better in acidic or basic urine?

Back 42

Weak acid = basic urine

Weak base = acidic urine

Front 43

What is the period of time after a drug is administered during which an animal cannot be send to slaughter and products must be discarded due to drug residues?

Back 43

Withdrawal time

Front 44

What is the time required for the amount of drug in a body to be reduced by half of its original level?

Back 44

half-life

Front 45

What are 2 major routes of drug exertion?

Back 45

1. Kidney- urine

2. Liver, bile- feces

Front 46

What are the receptors for the sympathetic nervous system?

Back 46

Alpha 1 & 2

Beta 1 & 2

Front 47

What are the receptors for the parasympathetic system?

Back 47

Nicotinic and Muscarinic

Front 48

The sympathetic nervous system can be referred to as?

Back 48

Fight or flight system

Front 49

The parasympathetic nervous system can be referred to as?

Back 49

Rest and Restore system

Front 50

What mimics effects of the sympathetic nervous system (3 things)

Back 50

1. sympathomimetic drugs

2. parasympatholytic drugs

3. Adrenergic agonists

Front 51

What receptor contracts smooth muscle of the blood vessels, intestines and causes vasoconstriction?

Back 51

Alpha 1 receptor

Front 52

What receptor causes a decrease in noepinephrine resulting in sedation?

Back 52

Alpha 2 receptors

Front 53

Which receptor is located in the heart and when stimulated increased heart rate?

Back 53

Beta 1 receptors

Front 54

Which receptor is located in the blood vessels of the heart, skeletal muscle, arterioles and terminal bronchioles and causes bronchodilation

Back 54

Beta 2 receptors

Front 55

What are some effects of the sympathetic nervous system? (5)

Back 55

1. Increase HR

2. Vasoconstriciton

3. Bronchodilation

4.Dilate pupils

5. Decrease SLUDDE effects

Front 56

What are some effects of the parasympathetic nervous system? (5)

Back 56

1. Decrease HR

2. Vasodilation

3. Bronchoconstriction

4. Constrict pupils

5. Increase SLUDDE

Front 57

True or false : Adrenic receptors mimic epinephrine and noepinephrine?

Back 57

True