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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What types of anesthetic errors do vet techs commonly make? |
Failure to obtain adequate history Inadequate experience with the anesthesia machine Lack of knowledge of pharmacology and improper calculation Incorrect administration of drugs Failure to recognize and respond to early signs of patient difficulty |
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Symptoms of CO2 absorbent exhaustion |
tachypnea, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, alarms on capnograph |
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During anesthesia the oxygen tank pressure and flowmeter should be checked every _____ minutes |
5 |
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A flowmeter that reads 0 indicates |
The patient is not receiving oxygen |
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Vaporizer problems |
Using the wrong anesthetic agent Tipping the vaporizer Vaporizer dial becomes stuck/jammed Vaporizer becomes overfilled |
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Why is tipping the vaporizer a problem?
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This puts the anesthetic agent into the bypass and will increase the amount of anesthetic going to the patient |
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Why is not opening the pop off valve a problem? |
Pressure in the circuit will rapidly rise, as the pressure rises so does the pressure in the patients lungs. This prevents exhalation and decreases venous return to heart. This may decrease cardiac output, BP to fall and can lead to death |
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Blockages of the ET tube may be a result of? |
Kinking of tube, accumulation of mucus, blood or saliva within the tube, or inappropriate positioning |
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Reducing adverse side effects |
Choose a protocol suitable for the condition or needs of patient Be familiar with side effects and contradictions for preanesthetic and general anesthetic agents Multidrug protocols are safer than single drug protocols
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Why are Multidrug protocols safer than single drug protocols |
With a balanced drug protocol the total amount of each anesthetic can be decreased. This decreases he side effects associated with each of the individual drugs. The side effect of one drug may be balanced out by another drug. |
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Geriatric animals have reached ______ of life expectancy |
75% |
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Geriatrics have decreased _____,______,&________ values |
Heart, liver & lung |
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Geriatric reduced anesthetic requirements- |
Decrease dosage by 1/2- 1/3 |
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Geriatrics have a tendency towards |
Hypothermia and over hydration |
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How old are neonates and pediatrics |
under 2 wks 2-8 wks |
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Neonate/pediatric anesthetic patient factors |
microdrip set Use gram scale to weigh Injectables may require dilution Preop fasting not advised for full 12 hrs-hypoglycemia Reduced liver and kidney function
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Brachycephalic animals |
Avoid agents that depress or relax muscle of pharynx/larynx Prone to bradycardia-use atropine or glycopyrrolate to increase HR prior to Sx Difficult to intubate Monitor close for dyspnea |
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Sighthounds |
Sensitive to barbiturates |
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Obese animals |
Require lower doses of drugs on a per-kg basis Anesthetics poorly distributed to fat Shallow, rapid respirations |
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What can you do as a vet tech to decrease the risk of respiratory disease? |
Avoid stress, pre-oxygenate, induce w/ injectable agents, intubate rapidly, control ventilation, monitor closely during recovery |
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What can you do as a vet tech to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease? |
Pre-oxygenate, alleviate pulmonary edema w/ diuretics, avoid agents that cause arrhythmias, avoid over hydration |
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What can you do as a vet tech to decrease the risk of hepatic disease? |
Pre-anesthetic CHEM, inhalation anesthetics preferable, expect prolonged recovery |
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What can you do as a vet tech to decrease the risk of renal disease? |
Rehydrate before Sx, CHEM w/ electrolytes pre anesthesia, reduce dosages, avoid barbiturates, IV fluids during Sx |
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What can you do as a vet tech to decrease the risk of urinary obstruction? |
Treat for hypokalemia if present, avoid barbiturates |
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C section delivery |
Most often an emergency procedure Patient not properly prepared for Sx Most anesthetic agents will cross placenta and affect fetuses Patient is at risk of going into shock during Sx |
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Signs of parturition |
Mammary glands enlarged 1-2 wks before delivery Restlessness, nesting, anorexia 12-24hrs before delivery Rectal temp decreased to less than 99 degrees 8-24 hrs before delivery |
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Signs of dystocia |
Gestation longer than 68 days, strong abdominal contractions for >30 min w/ no fetus, weak straining for > 2 hrs, > than 4 hrs between puppies, retained puppy in vulva, black discharge from vulva w/ no delivery, clear or bloody discharge with no puppy |
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C section protocols |
Epidural with tranquilizers or neuroleptanalgesic(opioid and tranquilizer) IV fluids & O2 administered Monitor BP Gen anesthesia with injectable or inhalant Do NOT use valium Opioids are reversible in mother and neonate |
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Anesthetic concerns for C section patients |
Hypoxemia, hypercarbia, hypotension, physiological anemia, acid/base imbalance, tissue trauma, cardiac arrhythmias |
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What two anesthetics can be used to treat seizures? |
Valium and propofol |
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Causes of prolonged recovery time |
Impaired renal or hepatic function, hypothermia, patient susceptibility to anesthetic agent, breed variation, coexisting disorder, prolonged anesthesia or deep anesthesia |
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Methods to speed up patient recovery |
IV fluids( will increase renal and liver metabolism), turn patient frequently, keep patient warm, reversal agents |
