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37 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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3 types of barbiturates and examples
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long acting ( phenobarbital) for seizure
short acting (pentobarbitol) euthanasia ultra short acting ( thiobarbituates and methylated oxybarbituates) induction |
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how are short acting barbiturates given?
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IV
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how do thiobarbutuates compare to other barbiturates?
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faster acting
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in what patients should barbiturates be used cautiously?
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thin animals ( distribution - affects longer)
liver/kidney DZ shocky patients ( increased blood to organs) |
3
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thiobarbutuates and protein
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protein binding so proteinemic patients have high chance of toxitiy
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acidosis?
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barbiturates are more potent in animals with acidic blood pH ( blocked cats, ketoacidosis, renal failure, shock, pulmonary edema )
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topping up?
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can increase risk of side effects
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safe? cost effective?
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relatively safe and inexpensive
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special considerations in practice
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controlled drug
shelf life 1 week once mixed ( in fridge!!) multiple concentrations!! confirm and double check!! |
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Thiopental
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used with premed
dose range 15mg/kg |
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tranqs/sedatives
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PHENOTHIAZENES: acepromazine
BENZODIAZEPENES: diazepam (Valium), medazolam, zolazepam ALPHA-2-AGONISTS: zylazine(rompin), romifidin (sedevet), detomine, dexmetatomidine, medatomidine |
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injectable anesthetics
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BARBITUATES: phenobarbitol, pentobarbitol, thiobarbituates (thiopental, thiamylol), methylated oxbarbituates (methohexital)
PROPOFOL DISCOCIATIVE ANESTHETICS: ketamine, tiletamine ETOMIDATE GUAFENESIN |
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inhalation anesthetics
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iso
sevo des nitrous oxide |
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CNS stimulants and resp stimulants
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doxapram
ANTICHOLINERGICS: atropine, glycoprrolate |
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opiods
analgesia? systems? given? |
good analgesia!!
causes decrease in HR RR vasodilation (hypotension) increased GIT motility - illeus with prolongued use ( flatulence) - give in advance of pain! PO SQ IM IV |
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Alpha-2-agonists
2 routes avoid 5 patients |
affect CNS causing sedation
good analgesia and muscle relaxant neg: depressed HR RR GIT activity ( bloat in dogs and horses) transient hyperglycemia (inhibits insulin release ) sensitive to stimuli abortion in cattle IM IV filtered by liver AVOID shocky, heart dz, liver dz, pregnant cows, horses dogs (bloat) |
alpha 2 me!
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Anticholinergics
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prevent bradycardia
reduce salivation DRY ( eyes, air ways, still tummy) tachycardia - heart failure ATROPINE: several concentrations - double check!! IV IM SQ (10-20MIN) lasts 60-90min GLYCOPYRROLATE: 2-3 hrs |
dry cholin..
double check!! |
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acepromazine
4 routes avoid 3 patients |
no resp and min cardiac effects
good sedation, antiemetic, anti-arrhythmic PO SQ IM IV Vasodilator reduces seizure threshold excitatory (48hrs!!) no analgesia metabolized by liver avoid: shocky, seizure and liver dz patients |
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benzodiazepenes
3 routes rate administer? |
Antianxiety, muscle relaxant
minimal cardio/resp depression anti convulsant appetite stimulant GIVE SLOW! may cause apnea PO IV Rectal non analgesia absorbs in plastic may cause excitement / light sensitive DIAZEPAM ( Valium) choice for seizure patients mix with Ketamine ( oil soluble) REVERSAL: flumazenil MEDAZOLAM water soluble less irritating, more readily absorbed IM |
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dissociative anesthetics
avoid 3 analgesia? |
KETAMINE, TILETAMINE
disruption of some pathways - stim of others. - trance like state ( appearing to be aware - awake but immobile) analgesia good to peripheral but not to viscera often used with tranq reflexes egagerated and muscle tone increased sensitive to stimuli increases HR RR CSF pressure and seizure threshold and IOP AVOID liver dz, glaucoma, seizure. central pupil - recovery 2-6 hours but personality changes up to 3 weeks!!! |
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ketamime combinations
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ket/dia (ket /val) don't use IM!
Ket/med IM KAR ( ketamine, atropine, rompin) difficult cats - neg cardio side effects kitty magic ( dextomidor, ketamine, turbogesic) |
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propofol
rule of use? nait dose? top up? analgesia? recovery? |
safe for most - rough recovery for sighthounds
rapid onset and short duration (10min max) complete recovery in 20-30min topped up to maintain analgesia good muscle relaxation poor analgesia paddling twitching on recovery vasodilation resp depress PREOX!! rule of use : 24hrs!! dose at NAIT 6mg/kg |
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Premeds
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anticholinergics
trans/sed opiods |
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typical 3rd eye prolapse
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used/tranqs especially ace
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pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
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dynamics: ag, antag, partial ag, ag-antag.
kinetics: absorption -> distribution -> metabolism -> excretion |
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premeds not used?
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emergency
history breed sensitivity dz or lifestage |
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analeptics?
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stimulate CNS ie doxapram
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Etomidate
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great choice for high risk patients - low effects
good muscle relaxation pain on admin and nausea ultra short acting |
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Guafenesin
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muscle relaxant large animals!
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reversal agents!!
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flumenazil - diazepam
antipamazole ( anti sedan) - dexmedatomidine (dextomidor) yohimbine and tolazoline - xylazine (rompin) |
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opiods
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OPIODS: morphine, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, meperidine, fentanyl, buprenorphine ( part. ag.), butorphenol ( ag-ant), nalbuphine, naloxone (antag)
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what 2 drugs increase salivation excretion and resp secretion?
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ketamine and thiopental
anti |
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what 3 drugs cause induction apnea?
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propofol
thiopental etomidate |
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2antiemitic drugs
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ace and propofol
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3 drugs can be given as CRI
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propofol
methohexitol etomidate |
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2 types of drugs that hasten recovery
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reversal agents
analeptics |
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inhalants effect on systems
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resp depress
heart rate and pressure depress |
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