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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three phases of healing?
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Exudative phase, collagen phase, maturation phase.
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What is the goal of the healing process?
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To restore the injured tissue to its pre-would condidtion in a short time with a minimal loss of function.
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What is the exudative phase of healing?
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The passage of fluid and cells into tissues or cavities occurs & the initial inflammatory response occurs.
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What are some inflammatory responses?
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Redness, swelling, het, loss of function & pain.
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What is the collagen phase of healing?
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During the beginning of the phase there is not much strengh in the healing area, granulation tissue is made which consists of collagen & new formations of capillaries.
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What is collagen?
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The major protein that binds the cells & tissues together.
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What is the maturation phase of the healing process?
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When the wound is covered with epithelium - contraction occurs in this phase.
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What are 9 factors which can affect the healing process?
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Nutrition, steroids, tissue debris, tissue handling, blood supply, infection, bleeding, foreign materials & motion.
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How can nutrition affect the healing process?
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Protein deficiencies and anemias can retard the healing process.
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How can steroids affect the healing process?
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Corticosteroids can reduce infammation, but also delay healing.
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How can tissue debris affect the healing process?
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The tissue debris must be removed for healing to begin.
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How can tissue handling affect the healing process?
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Tissue must be kept moist. Tissue needs to be handled carefully with the proper instruments.
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How can the blood supply affect the healing process?
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Blood supply is essential for healing to occur. Avoid strangulating the blood supply with tight sutures & bandages or excessive inflammation.
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How can infection affect the healing process?
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It will delay wound healing.
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How can bleeding affect the healing process?
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It can help clean a wound, but pooled blood or blood clots are ideal for bacterial growth & infection.
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How can foreign materials affect the healing process?
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Hair, plant material, glass, etc. should be removed when cleaning a wound or they will remain a source of infection & draining tracts. Suture material should be absorbable or removed when indicated.
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How can motion affect the healing process?
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Excessive motion of the skin around a wound will slow healing.
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What are 5 classifications of wounds?
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Incision, contusion, laceration, puncture & abrasion.
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What is an incision?
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A clean cut with a sharp instrument.
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What is a contusion?
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A bruise or hematoma that is a result of a blow with a blunt object.
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What is a laceration?
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A cut caused by a jagged object (glass, barbed wire, etc.).
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What is a puncture?
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A small, circular skin wound associated with injury to deeper structures as would be seen with a bite or bullet wound.
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What is an abrasion?
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A scraping injury involving the skin.
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What 5 factors need to be assessed when a patient has a wound?
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Animals condition, type of damage, location, cirulation (blood flow) to the wound & how long the wound has been present.
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What is the "Golden period"?
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The first 8 hours after a wound is formed.
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What What 5 factors can affect the golden period?
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Animals age, function, temperament, home environment and the clients ability & willingness to care for the animal.
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What are the 3 categories of wound management?
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First intention healing, second intention healing, third intention healing.
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What is first intention healing?
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Immediate cleaning & suturing. Generally reserved for 'clean' wounds less than 8 hours old that are uncomplicated. Least amount of scarring.
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What is second intention healing?
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Healing through granulation. The most scarring.
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What is third intention healing?
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The wound begins to heal through granulation & then is sutured after healthy granulation tissue is present. An intermediate amount of scarring.
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What are the 5 step for preparing a wound?
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Restraint, cover the wound, clip the hair, clean the skin & lavage the wound.
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What is done during the restraint part of wound prep?
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It depends on the animal and the nature of the wound. Could by physical or chemical.
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What is used to cover the wound during prep?
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Use gauze soaked in sterile saline or water soluble jelly.
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Where do you clip the hair during wound prep?
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Clip around the wound & surrounding areas as you would for surgery.
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How do you clean the skin for wound prep?
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Same as surgery prep. Be careful not to get scrub or alcohol into the wound.
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How do you lavage the wound when preping?
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Remove the wound covering & flush the wound. Common solutions used: sterile saline, LRS or water. Use a 35cc syringe & a 18g needle.
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What are the 3 layers of a bandage?
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Primary, secondary, tertiary.
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What does the primary layer of a bandage consist of?
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It's the contact layer. Usually gauze, but it needs to be sterile, stable & conforming.
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What does the secondary layer of a bandage consist of?
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It's the absorbent layer, it collects & stores discharge. Usually cotton. Must be thick enough so there is no seepage. It also provides cushioning & protection.
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What does the tertiary layer of a bandage consist of?
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It's the protective layer. Usually vet wrap, elasktikon.
This is the outer covering that holds the other layers in place. |
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What are 10 functions of bandages?
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Absorption, protection, antisepsis, pressure, immobilization, debridement, packing, comfort, information & aesthetics.
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What's the absorption function of a bandage?
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To remove exudate from wound surface.
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What's the protection function of a bandage?
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To prevent further trauma & contamination.
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What's the antisepsis function of a bandage?
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It may contain antibiotics or antiseptics.
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What's the pressure function of a bandage?
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It decreases "dead space" & reduces fluid accumulation; may also provide hemostasis.
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What's the immobilization function of a bandage?
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It decreases pain & rests the wound.
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What's the debridement function of a bandage?
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The adherent primary layer will debride the wound when it's removed.
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What's the packing function of a bandage?
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Deep wounds can be packed with gauze that may be soaked in antiseptic solution.
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What's the comfort function of a bandage?
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It provide immobilization & padding.
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What's the information function of a bandage?
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The condition of a bandage can provide information about the healing process & infection.
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What's the aesthetics function of a bandage?
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Open wounds are unappealing to look at & a bandage also protect the household environment from drainage.
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When should you replace a bandage (visually)?
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When it begins to smell, is wet, slips or is excessively bothers the animal.
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Why do you leave the toes out on a bandage?
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To check for any abnormalities. Cyanosis, swelling or coolness.
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