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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ANEMIA
INTRODUCTION b Decreased or poor maturation of ? b Multiple ? |
INTRODUCTION
b Decreased or poor maturation of red blood cells b Multiple etiologies |
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ANEMIA
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA 6 |
b Hypochromic microcytic anemia
b Decreased RBC’s and decreased hemoglobin • Decreased oxygen binding • Can cause high output cardiac failure b ETIOLOGY • Blood loss • Inadequate diet or absorption |
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ANEMIA
IRON REPLACEMENT 3? |
IRON REPLACEMENT
b ORAL THERAPY • Replacement therapy may require 6 months b INTRAMUSCULAR • Z-track administration • Limited daily volume b INTRAVENOUS • Guidelines limit use to 100mg per day • Required for quick iron replacement (pregnancy, ulcerative colitis) |
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ANEMIA
MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 2? |
b FOLIC ACID OR CYANOCOBALAMIN (VITAMIN B12) DEFICIENCY
b REPLACEMENT WITH THE WRONG VITAMIN CAN MASK THE DEFICIENCY |
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ANEMIA
DEFICIENCY COMPARISONCYANOCOBALAMIN VS. FOLIC ACID |
b CYANOCOBALAMIN
• Irreversible nerve damage • Constipation b Folic Acid • No Nerve Damage • Diarrhea |
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ANEMIA
CYANOCOBALAMIN DEFICIENCY b Poor ? b Lack of ? b Onset of symptoms ?b Also known as ? |
CYANOCOBALAMIN DEFICIENCY
b Poor diet (vegetarian) b Lack of Intrinsic Factor (produced in stomach) b Onset of symptoms - 1 year b Also known as Pernicious Anemia |
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ANEMIA
CYANOCOBALAMIN DEFICIENCY b REPLACEMENT THERAPY • Intramuscular or Subcutaneous b Those that lack intrinsic factor will receive monthly injections |
THERAPY
b REPLACEMENT THERAPY • Intramuscular or Subcutaneous b Those that lack intrinsic factor will receive monthly injections |
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ANEMIA
FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY b Onset of Symptoms: ? b ETIOLOGY 2(4)? |
FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY
b Onset of Symptoms: 2 months b ETIOLOGY • Poor diet (e.g. alcoholic) • Drug Interactions – Phenytoin (blocks absorption) – Birth Control Pills – Methotrexate, co-trimoxazole (blocks converting to active form of the vitamin tetrahydrofolate) |
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ANEMIA
FOLIC ACID Therapy 2 |
b Oral folic acid supplementation
b Leucovorin (active tetrahydrofolate) is utilized to overcome deficiencies associated with methotrexate and co-trimoxazole |
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ANEMIA
NORMOCHROMIC NORMOCYTIC ANEMIA 2(4) |
NORMOCHROMIC NORMOCYTIC ANEMIA
b Associated with chronic disease states • Renal Disease, Cancer, HIV b Erythropoietin • Hormone produced in the kidney to stimulate RBC production in bone marrow • Synthetic genetically engineered hormone is commercially available • Helps avoid the need for transfusions |
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ANEMIA
WBC Deficiency 3? |
WBC Deficiency
b Associated with cancer chemotherapy b Prone to infections b Example of agents that promote production of granulocytes • Filgrastim (Neupogen®) |
