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175 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MENETRIER
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"Man-at-rear has a lot of mucus, loses a lot of protein"
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Peutz-Jaeger
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“The putz got hammered while painting. He now has pigment all over his hands, mouth, and genitals.”
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CHAGAS
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“Oh my! Chuck is trippin on his Carribean cruise and kissing Meg Swallow …..” Trypanosoma cruzii
Megaesophagus, megacolon Cardiac problems |
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Chlorambucil treats what?
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CLL OrambuCil
in tx of CLL and ovarian carcinoma |
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characteristics of Sarcoidosis
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HUN-PEACH
Hilar adenopathy Uveitis Neuropathies Pulmonary infiltration Erythema nodosum Arthritis Cardiomyopathy Hypercalcemia |
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Antiarrhythmic classes....
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Ned Baked Kelly's Cake
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Causes of Pericarditis
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CARDIAC RIND:
Collagen vascular disease Aortic aneurysm Radiation Drugs (such as hydralazine) Infections Acute renal failure Cardiac infarction Rheumatic fever Injury Neoplasms Dressler's syndrome |
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female vs male predominance of mitral stenosis vs regurgitation
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MS vs MR
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Betablockers: cardioselective betablockers
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A BEAM
Atenolol Betaxolol Esmolol Acebutelol Metoprolol |
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Innervation of SA node
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Sympathetic acts on Sodium channels (SS).
Parasympathetic acts on Potassium channels (PS). |
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When to hear right vs left-sided murmurs...inspiration vs. expiration?
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RILE
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Causes of aortic regurgitation...
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SCREAM
Syphilis Congenital Rheumatic damage Endocarditis Aortic dissection/ Aortic root dilatation Marfan's |
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Causes of Heart Failure
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HEART FAILED
Hypertension Endocrine Anemia Rheumatic heart disease Toxins Failure to take meds Arrythmia Infection Lung (PE, pneumonia) Electrolytes Diet |
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Causes of secondary nephrotic syndrome
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DAVID
Diabetes mellitus Amyloidosis Vasculitis Infections Drugs |
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Characteristics of membranous glomerulonephritis..
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C.A.T.R.I.N.G.S.
Capillary thickening Azotemia Teenagers Renal vein thrombosis Immune complexes in intra/epimembranous locations Nephrotic syndrome Granular immunofluorescence (IgG or C3) SLE (10% of SLE patients) |
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Causes of drug-induced lupus
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Q.C.H.I.M.P
Quinidine Chlorpromazine Hydralazine Isoniazid Methyldopa Procainamide |
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Major characteristics of nephritic syndrome
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O.H. A.H.
Oliguria Hypertension Azotemia Hematuria |
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The characteristics of uremia
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H.A. I.D.F. B.A.N.A.N.A.
Hypertension Abnormal fluid volume control Increased blood potassium Decreased blood calcium Fibrinous pericarditis Bleeding Anemia Nitrogen-waste products - azotemia Acidosis Neurological disorders Anorexia |
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Kartagener's
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D.o Cars Sit Helplessly at Bro.ken St.op Si.gns?
Dynein Kartagener's Situs inversus Hearing loss Bronchiectasis Sterility Sinusitis |
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Causes of interstitial nephritis...
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Interstitial Nephritis C.an B.e T.he R.esult O.f S.everal D.rugs, C.onditions
COX inhibitors Beta lactams Trimethoprim Rifampin Other, idiopathic Sulfonamides Diuretics Captopril |
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Vascular injury to the anterior spinal artery causes...?
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MCHS - Milken Community High School
Medial lemniscus Corticospinal tract Hypoglossal Spinal (anterior) artery |
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Vascular injury to the PICA (posterior inferior cerebellar artery) causes...?
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T.H.I.S. V. 9-11
Trigeminal (spinal tract of V) Horner's Inferior cerebellar peduncle Spinothalamic Vestibular nucleus 9-11 (loss of these nuclei cause throat problems, loss of gag reflex, etc) |
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Bugs that don't gram stain well...
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T.hese R.ascals M.ay M.icroscopically L.ack C.olor
Treponemes Rickettsia Mycobacteria Mycoplasma Legionella Chlamydia |
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Fermentation patterns of Neisseria
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M.eninG.ococci - Maltose and Glucose
G.onococci - Glucose |
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These organisms have IgA proteases
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S.ome H.ow N.o N.eisseria
(Neisseria meningitidis AND gonorrhoeae) |
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Obligate aerobes
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"Nagging Pests Must Breathe"
Nocardia Pseudomonas Mycobacterium Bacillus |
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Which antibiotics require O2 to enter into bacterial cell?
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AminO2glycosides
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Intracellular buga
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S.ome N.asty B.ugs M.ay L.ive F.acultativeL.Y. + R.C. (obligate)
Salmonella Neisseria Brucella Mycobacterium Listeria Francisella Legionella Yersinia Chlamydia, Rickettsia (obligate) |
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Encapsulated bacteria
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S.ome H.ow K.now N.eisseria
Strep pneumo H flu Klebsiella Neisseria meningitidis |
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Quellung reaction
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Swellung - encapsulated bugs swell
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Rheumatic fever
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"No rheum for S.P.E.C.C.ulation"
Subcutaneous nodules Polyarthritis Erythema marginatum Chorea Carditis |
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Perfringens
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"PERFringens PERForates a gangrenous leg"
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Diptheria and exotoxin
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ABCDEFG
ADP ribosylation (by exotoxin inhibits protein synthesis) Beta-prophage Corynebacterium Diphtheriae Elongation Factor 2 Granules (metachromatic granules seen in these gram-positive rods) |
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Treatment for actinomyces vs. Nocardia
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S.N.A.P.
Sulfa for Nocardia Actinomyces, use Penicillin |
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Haemophilus influenza
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HAEMOP
Hematin (X) and NAD (V) required for culture Aerosol transmission Epiglottitis Meningitis Otitis media Pneumonia |
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Enterobacteriaceae
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C.O.F.F.E.E.
Capsular antigen (K) O antigen Flagellar (H) antigen Ferment glucose Enterobacteriaceae Endotoxin |
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Lactose fermenting bugs
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"K.E.E.P. fermenting"
Klebsiella E coli Enterobacter Pink colonies on MacConkey's agar |
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Shigella is transmitted via...
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"Food, Fingers, Feces, and Flies"
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Pseudomonas...
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P.S.E.U.D.O.monas -
Pneumonia Sepsis External otitis UTI Drug use Diabetic Osteomyelitis |
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PATAU
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C.H.E.F.S
Cleft lip, palate Holoprosencephaly Ears are low set, non-functional (deafness) Fissures Small eyes |
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Chlamydia cycle...
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Elementary body
Enters cell via Endocytosis Reticulate (initial) body Replicates in cell |
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Chlamydia types A,B,C
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A.frica B.lindness C.hronic infection
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Chlamydia type L1-3
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L.ymphogranuloma venereum
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Spriochetes
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B.L.T. B. is B.ig
Borellia (is Big) Leptospira Treponema |
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Lyme disease
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B.A.KE. a key lyme pie
Bell's palsy Arthritis Kardiac block Erythema chronicum migrans |
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FTA-ABS
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"Find The Antibody - ABSolutely"
Specific and earliest/longest positive test for treponemes |
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False positives picked up by VDRL
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V.D.R.L.
Viruses (mono, hepatitis) Drugs Rheumatic fever, arthritis Lupus/Leprosy |
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Morphology of Blastomycosis
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Big Broad-Based Budding
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Name the dimorphic mycoses
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BPH
Blasto Paracoccidioido Histo |
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Name the naked RNA viruses
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"Naked CPR"
Calicivirus Picornavirus Reovirus |
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name the DNA viruses
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HHAPPPy
Herpes Hepadna |
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Naked DNA viruses
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"You need to be naked for a PAP smear"
Parvovirus Adenovirus Papovavirus |
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Name the paramyxoviruses
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PaRaMyxo
Parainfluenza RSV Measles/Mumps |
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Salk
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SalK - Killed
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Egg-based viral vaccines
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F.R.Y
Flu mmR Yellow fever |
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Segmented viruses
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B.O.A.R
Bunya Orthomyxo Arena Reo |
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Name the picornaviruses
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PERCH on "pico"
Poliovirus Echovirus Rhinovirus Coxsackievirus HAV |
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Rotavirus
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ROTA
"Right Out The Anus" - major cause of acute diarrhea |
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Mumps
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"makes your balls as big as POM-poms"
Parotitis Orchitis Meningitis (aseptic) |
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Measles syx
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4 C's
Cough Coryza Conjunctivitis Coplik spots (Koplik) |
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Viral genetic shift vs drift
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Sudden Shift is more deadly than graDual Drift
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Arbovirus
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ARthropod-BOrne virus
(think of Paul Bunyan picture) |
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Name the herpes viruses
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"Get herpes in a CHEVrolet"
CMV HSV EBV VZV |
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Tzanck test
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"Tzanck heavens I don't have herpes"
Smear to detect multinucleated giant cells |
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Hepatitis transmission, epidemiology
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Hep A - Asymptomatic, Acute, Alone (no carriers, naked ssRNA)
Hep B - Blood Borne Hep C - Chronic, Cirrhosis, Carcinoma, Carriers Hep D - Defective, Dependent on HBV Hep E - Enteric, Expectant mothers, Epidemics |
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Hep A and E transmission
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"The vowels hit your bowels"
Fecal-oral route |
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HBeAg
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BEware!!
Indicator of transmissibility of HBV |
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Causes of Osteomyelitis
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P.M.S.s.
Pseudomonas (diabetics, drug addicts) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Pott's disease) Salmonella - sickle cell Staph aureus |
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UTI bugs
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S.arah P. K.ovnar P.E.E.S.
Serratia (red pigment) Proteus (swarming on agar, produces urease) Klebsiella Pseudomonas (blue-green pigment) E coli (metallic sheen on EMB) Enterobacter Staph saprophyticus |
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Infections dangerous in pregnancy
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ToRCHeS
Toxoplasma Rubella CMV HSV/HIV Syphilis |
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Drugs to treat pseudomonas
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"T.ake C.are of P.seudomonas"
Ticarcillin Carbenicillin Piperacillin |
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Ampicillin/amoxicillin clinical usage?
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"HELPS kill Enterococci"
Haeumophilus influenza E coli Listeria Proteus Salmonella enterococci |
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Which has greater bioavailability, ampicillin or amoxicillin?
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amOxicillin
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Clinical use of 1st gen cephalosporins
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PEcK
Proteus E coli Klebsiella |
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Clinical use of 2nd gen cephalosporins
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HEN PEcKS
H flu Enterobacter Neisseria Proteus E coli Klebsiella Serratia |
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Imipenem is co-administered with...?
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"The kill is LASTIN with ciLASTATIN"
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Vancomycin toxicities...
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F.O.N.T.
Flushing - 'red man syndrome' Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity Thrombophlebitis |
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Name the 30S and 50S inhibitors
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"buy A.T. 30, CCEL at 50"
30 - Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines 50 - Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Erythromycin, Lincomycin |
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Aminoglycosides
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"mean" G.N.A.T.S. can N.O.T. kill anaerobes
GNATS - agents Gentamycin Neomycin Amikacin Tobramycin Streptomycin NOT - toxicity Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity Teratogen |
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Tetracyclines clinical use
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VACUUM THe BedRoom
Vibrio Acne Chlamydia Ureaplasma Urealyticum Mycoplasma pneumo Tularemia H pylori Borrelia Rickettsia |
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TMP toxicity
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T.M.P - "Treat Marrow Poorly"
Megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia (due to inhibition of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase) |
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Fluoroquinolones toxicity
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fluroquinoLONES hurt attachments to your BONES
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Metronidazole use
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G.E.T. on the Metro!
Giardia Entamoeba Trichomonas |
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Polymyxins mechanism
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MYXins MYX up membranes
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Anti-TB drugs
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INH-SPIRE
INH - alone for TB prophylaxis rest used in combo for TB tx Streptomycin Pyrazinamide Isoniazid (INH) Rifampin Ethambutol |
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INH toxicity
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I.N.H.
Injures Neurons and Hepatocytes |
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Rifampin characteristics
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4 R's
RNA polymerase inhibitor Revs up microsomal P450 Red/orange body fluids Rapid resistance if used alone |
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Amantadine mechanism, uses
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"A man to dine" takes off his coat
Blocks viral penetration/uncoating Amantadine block influ. A and rubellA and causes problems with the cerebellA |
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Foscarnet mechanism
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pyroFOSphate analog
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HIV therapy protease inhibitors
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"Navir tease a pro"
[everything that ends in navir] |
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How to treat onchocerciasis?
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rIVER blindness treated with IVERmectin
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Antibx to avoid in pregnancy
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S.A.F.E M.oms T.ake R.eally
G.ood C.are Sulfonamides Aminoglycosides Fluroquinolones Erythromycin Metronidazole Tetracyclines Ribavirin Griseofulvin Chloramphenicol |
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Describe Fc fragment of antibodies
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C:
Constant Carboxy terminal Complement binding (IgG & IgM only) Carbohydrate side chains |
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Functions of interleukins
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"Few T Bones Eaten At Arbys Need Seasoning Nowadays"
IL 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12 1 - Fever 2 - T cell stimulation 3 - Bone marrow stimulation 4 - IgE production 5 - IgA production 6 - Acute-phase reactant production 8 - Neutrophil attraction 10 - Stimulates Th2 12 - NK cell activation |
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Classic pathway of complement activated by...
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G.M. makes CLASSIC cars
IgG and IgM |
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Interferon mechanism
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INTERFERES with viral protein synthesis
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Passive immunity is given for...?
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Patients are given preformed antibodies T.o B.e H.ealed R.apidly
Tetanus Botulinum HBV Rabies |
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Hypersensitivity type I
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First and Fast (anaphylaxis)
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Hypersensitivity type II
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cy-2-toxic
IgM, IgG bind to antigen on 'enemy' cell, leading to lysis or phagocytosis |
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Hypersensitivity type IV
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4th and last - DELAYED
4 Ts T lymphocytes Transplant rejections TB skin tests Touching (contact dermatitis) |
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What are the types of hypersensitivity?
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A.C.I.D
Type I - Anaphylactic, Atopic Type II - Cytotoxic Type III - Immune complex Type IV - Delayed (cell mediated) |
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Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
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Bacterial infections after 6 months of age
Boys (x-linked) B cell decreased production |
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Thymic aplasia
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T cell deficiency
Tetany due to hypocalcemia |
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Wiskott-Aldrich
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W.I.P.E.
Wiskott-Aldrich Infections (pyogenic) Purpura (Thyombocytopenic) Eczema |
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Classic pathway of complement activated by...
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G.M. makes CLASSIC cars
IgG and IgM |
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Interferon mechanism
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INTERFERES with viral protein synthesis
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Passive immunity is given for...?
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Patients are given preformed antibodies T.o B.e H.ealed R.apidly
Tetanus Botulinum HBV Rabies |
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Hypersensitivity type I
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First and Fast (anaphylaxis)
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Hypersensitivity type II
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cy-2-toxic
IgM, IgG bind to antigen on 'enemy' cell, leading to lysis or phagocytosis |
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Hypersensitivity type IV
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4th and last - DELAYED
4 Ts T lymphocytes Transplant rejections TB skin tests Touching (contact dermatitis) |
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What are the types of hypersensitivity?
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A.C.I.D
Type I - Anaphylactic, Atopic Type II - Cytotoxic Type III - Immune complex Type IV - Delayed (cell mediated) |
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Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
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Bacterial infections after 6 months of age
Boys (x-linked) B cell decreased production |
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Thymic aplasia
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T cell deficiency
Tetany due to hypocalcemia |
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Wiskott-Aldrich
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W.I.P.E.
Wiskott-Aldrich Infections (pyogenic) Purpura (Thyombocytopenic) Eczema |
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HLA B27
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PAIR
Psoriasis Ankylosing spondylitis Inflammatory bowel disease Reiter's syndrome |
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Bethanechol applications
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Bowel and Bladder activation (of smooth muscle)
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Cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning causes which symptoms?
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DUMBBELSS
Diarrhea Urination Miosis Bradycardia Excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS Lacrimation Sweating Salivation |
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Atropine effects
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"Fucks up D. S.L.U. kids"
Defecation Salivation Lacrimation Urination |
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Beta 1 selective agents
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A BEAM
Acebutolol Betaxolol Esmolol Atenolol Metoprolol |
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Lead poisoning
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LLEEAADD
Lead Lines (on gingivae and epiphyses) Encephalopathy Erythrocyte basophilic stippling Abdominal colic Anemia (sideroblastic) Drops (wrist and foot) Dimercaprol/EDTA tx |
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Lead poisoning tx for kids
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"it SUCKS to eat lead"
Succimer |
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Drugs that can cause photosensitivity
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"i S.A.T. for a photo"
Sulfonamides Amiodarone Tetracycline |
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Drugs that cause gynecomastia
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"Some Drugs Even Create Awesome Knockers"
Spironolactone Digitalis Estrogens Cimetidine Alcoholism Ketoconazole |
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Drugs that cause an SLE-like syndrome
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"it's not HIPP to have lupus"
Hydralazine INH Phenytoin Procainamide |
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Inducers of P450
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Q.ueen B.arb takes P.hen-phen and R.efuses G.reasy C.arbs
Quinidine Barbiturates Phenytoin Rifampin Griseofulvin Carbamazepine |
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Inhibitors of P450
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I Saw Katie Couric Eating Seven Grapefruits
Isoniazid (INH) Sulfonamides Ketoconazole Cimetidine Erythromycin St. John's wort Grapefruit juice |
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Symptoms of neurosyphilis
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PARESIS
Personality Affect Reflexes are hyper Eyes - Argyll-Robertson Sensorium Intellectual decline Speech deficiency |
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right to left shunts
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3Ts
Transposition Tetrology Truncus arteriosus |
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Tetrology of Fallot
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PROV
Pulmonary stenosis RVH Overriding aorta VSD |
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Dilated cardiomyopathy etiologies
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ABCCCDPH
Alcohol abuse Beriberi Coxsackie Cocaine Chagas Doxorubicin toxicity Peripartum cardiomyopathy Hemochromatosis |
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ACE inhibitor side effects
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CAPTOPRIL
Cough Angioedema Proteinuria Taste changes hypOtension Pregnancy problems Rash Increased renin Lower AII |
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RA extra articular manifestations
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PAV PLAN
Pericardial effusions Anemia of chronic disease Vasculitis Pulmonary involvement Lymphadenopathy Amyloidosis Neurologic abnormalities |
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Felty syndrome (this isn't a mnemonic)
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Splenomegaly
Neutropenia RA |
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Causes of hypercalcemia
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CHIMPANZEES
Calcium ingestion (milk-alkali) Hyperthyroidism Iatrogenic (thiazides) Multiple Myeloma Paget's disease Addison's Neoplasia Zollinger Ellison Excess Vit D Excess Vit A Sarcoidosis |
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Secondary hyperparathyroidism syx
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Stones, bones, and groans
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Phospholipase A2 produces...?
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Arachidonic acid
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Causes of acute pancreatitis?
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GET SMASHeD
Gallstones Ethanol Trauma Steroids Mumps Autoimmune disease Scorpion sting Hypercalcemia/hyperlipidemia Drugs (sulfa |
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Causes of eosinophilia?
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NAACP
Neoplasia Asthma Allergic processes Collagen vascular disease Parasites |
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Cancers with psammoma bodies
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PSaMMoma
Papillary cancer - thyroid Serous - ovary Meningioma Mesothelioma |
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heterocyclic antidepressants
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you need BUtane in your VEINs to MURder for a MAP of alcaTRAZ (see 372)
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Parkinson's disease drugs
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BALSARC
Bromocriptine Amantadine L dopa(with carbidopa) Selegiline Antimuscarinics Ropinerole COMT inhibitors (ie. entacapone) |
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Barbiturate mechanism
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barbiDURATE: increased DURATion of Cl channel openning, thus decreasing neuron firing
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Benzodiazepine mechanism
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FREnzodiazepines increase FREquency of CL channel opening
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Short acting benzos...
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Try My Ox
Tyiazolam Midazolam Oxazepam |
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Atypical antipsychotics
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its not ATYPICAL for OLd CLOsets to RISPER
Olanzapine Clozapine Risperidone |
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Lithium side effects
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LMNOP
Lithium side effects Movement (tremor) Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus hypOthyroidism Pregnancy problems |
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Intravenous anesthetics
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B.B. K.ing on OPIATES PROPOses FOOLishly
Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Ketamine Opiates Propofol |
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Local anesthetics - amides
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2 I's in their name
ie. Lidocaine, bupivacaine |
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Toxicities of antipsychotics
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SHENG MALT
Sedation Hypotension Extrapyramidal Neuroleptic malignant syndrome Gynecomastia Muscarinic block Antiemetic Lower seizure threshold Tardive dyskinesia |
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Actions of anticholinergics?
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anti-SLUDG properties
Salivation Lacrimation Urination Defecation GI motility |
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Tumors that metastasize to brain
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Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia
Lung Breast Skin Kidney GI |
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Tumors that metastasize to the liver
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Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver
Colon Stomach Pancreas Breast Lung |
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Tumors that metastasize to bone
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P.T. Barnum Loves To Kid
Prostate Thyroid Breast Lung Testes Kidney |
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Target cells (RBCs) are seen when...?
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HALT
HbC disease Asplenia Liver disease Thalassemia |
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Contraction of muscle fibers results in shrinkage of which bands?
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HIZ
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Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with...?
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PAV PLAN
Pericardial effusion Anemia of chronic disease Vasculitis Pulmonary involvement Lymphadenopathy Amyloidosis Neurologic abnormalities |
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SLE manifestations
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I'M DAMN SHARP
Immunoglobulins (anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, antiphospholipid) Malar rash Discoid rash Anti nuclear antibody Mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers) Neurologic disorders Serositis (pleuritis, pericarditis) Hematologic disorders Arthritis Renal disorders Photosensitivity |
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Sarcoidosis is characterized by..?
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GRAIN
Gammaglobulinemia Rheumatoid arthritis ACE increase Interstitial fibrosis Noncaseating granulomas |
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Reiter's syndrome?
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Can't see, can't pee, can't climb a tree
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CREST
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CREST
Calcinosis raynaud's Esophageal dysmotility Sclerodactyly Telangiectasia |
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Takayasu's arteritis
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"FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday"
['pulseless disease'] Fever Arthritis Night sweats MYalgia SKIN nodules Ocular disturbances Weak pulses in upper extremities |
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Radial nerve innervates...
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...the BEST!
Brachioradialis Extensors of the wrist and fingers Supinator Triceps |
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Waveforms of awake/sleep
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at night, BATS D.rink B.lood
Beta - (highest frequency, lowest amplitude) Alpha - awake but eyes closed Theta - stage 1 Sleep spindles, K complexes - stage 2 Dela - stage 3,4 Beta - REM |
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Bells palsy can be a complication of...?
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AL STD
AIDS Lyme Sarcoidosis Tumors Diabetes |
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Causes of increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
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MUD PILES
Methanol Uremia Diabetic ketoacidosis Paraldehyde Iron tablets/ INH Lactic acidosis Ethylene glycol Salicylates |
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Acetazolamide toxicity?
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ACIDazolamide causes ACIDosis
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Furosemide toxicity?
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OH DANG!
Ototoxicity Hypokalemia Dehydration Allergy Nephritis (interstitial) Gout |
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Hytdrochlorothiazide toxicity?
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hyperGLUC
hyper... Glycemia Lipidemia Uricemia Calcemia [also sulfa allergy] |
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Captopril toxicity
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CAPTOPRIL
Cough Angioedema Proteinuria Taste changes hypOtension Pregnancy problems Rash Increased renin Lower angiotensin II |
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Progesterone actions
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Progesterone Prepares for Pregnancy
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Relation of the pulm artery to the bronchus at each lung hilus
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RALS - right anterior, left superior
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structures perforate the diaphragm at which levels
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I 8 10 EGGs AT 12
T8 - IVC T10 - EsophaGus, vaGus T12 - Aorta, azygous, thoracic duct |
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Right shift of O2 dissociation curve caused by...?
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"CADET face right"
CO2 Acid/altitude DPG Exercise Temperature |
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Complications of lung cancer..
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SPHERE of complications
Superior VC syndrome Pancoast's tumor Horner's syndrome Endocrine (paraneoplastic) Recurrent laryngeal symptoms Effusions |
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Lipoxegenase pathway yields...
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Leukotrienes (L for both)
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