Andrea Chapter 8

Front 1

Acquired immunity

Back 1

Infection resistance to a specific organism that occurs after an individual has been infected with the organism, or that is conferred from a vaccine; also called actives immunity or require resistance

Front 2

Airborne transmission

Back 2

Occurs from dust that contains spores or droplet nuclei

Front 3

Antibody

Back 3

An immunoglobulin produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigenic substances. An antibody is specific to an antigen. Antibodies are responsible for acquired immunity and for allergic responses

Front 4

Antigen

Back 4

A substance, usually a protein, that causes the formation of an antibody that reacts specifically with that antigen.

Front 5

Bacterium

Back 5

Small unicellular microorganism

Front 6

Direct contact

Back 6

Means of disease transmission in which infectious organisms are transferred to a susceptible host by the touch of an infected individual

Front 7

Droplet contamination

Back 7

Means of disease transmission that occurs across a short distance usually bit more than 3 feet when an infectious individual coughs sneezes speaks or sings in the vicinity of a susceptible host

Front 8

Endospore

Back 8

A form assumed by certain bacteria in which they resist drying and can live for long periods of time without warmth moisture or nutrients

Front 9

Fomite

Back 9

No living material such as bed linen that can transmit microorganisms

Front 10

Fungus

Back 10

A type of organism that requires an external carbon source. The two basic types are molds and yeast

Front 11

Motile

Back 11

Capable of spontaneous but unconscious or involuntary movement

Front 12

Nosocomial infection

Back 12

Hospital- acquired disease

Front 13

Opportunistic infection

Back 13

An infection caused by normally by non pathogenic organisms in a host whose resistance has been decreased by disorders such as diabetes Mellitus, HIV infection, or cancer, or by cancer treatment that causes immunosuppression

Front 14

passive immunity

Back 14

short-term resistance to infection produced by performed antibodies. Preformed antibodies can be injected in the form of pooled immune globulin from the general population; they are passed to infants in utero or in breast milk

Front 15

pathogen

Back 15

any microorganism capable of producing disease

Front 16

phagocytosis

Back 16

the process by which certain cells engulf and destroy microorganisms and cellular debris.

Front 17

prion

Back 17

the smallest and least understood of all microbes; infectious protein.

Front 18

protozoon

Back 18

single cell microorganism of the subkingdom protozoa

Front 19

spore

Back 19

a reproductive unit of some genera of fungi or protozoa; also, a common term for endospore, a form assumed by some bacteria that is resistant to heat, drying, and chemicals

Front 20

vector

Back 20

an animal in whose body a pathogen multiplies or develops before becoming infective to a new host

Front 21

vehicle

Back 21

any substance such as food or water, that can serve as a mode of transmission for infectious agents

Front 22

virion

Back 22

a rudimentary virus particle with a central nuclei surrounded by a protein sheath or capsid

Front 23

virulence factors

Back 23

characteristics of certain microorganism that cause them to be pathogenic and distinguish them from normal flora. these factors enable bacteria to destroy or damage host cells and resist destruction by the host's cellular defenses

Front 24

asepsis

Back 24

the absence of microorganisms

Front 25

disinfection

Back 25

the second level of microbial dilution that involves the destruction of pathogens by using chemical materials

Front 26

epidemic

Back 26

the appearance of an an infectious disease or condition that affects many people at the same time in the same place

Front 27

health care-associated infection (HAI)

Back 27

a hospital acquired infection, also called nosocomial infection defined as those that occur more than 48 hours after being admitted to the hospital

Front 28

immunosuppressant

Back 28

an agent that significantly interferes with the ability of the immune system to respond to antigenic stimulation by inhibiting cellular and humoral immunity

Front 29

MRSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus)

Back 29

drug-resistant form of staphylococcus aureus contributes to surgical wound, urinary tract, and bloodstream infections and can cause respiratory infections

Front 30

microbial dilution

Back 30

the process of reducing the total number of microorganism which is accomplished at three levels: cleanliness measures disinfection and sterilization

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pandemic

Back 31

a widespread epidemic

Front 32

sharps container

Back 32

a puncture proof container where used needles with or without attached syringes and other sharps are disposed of

Front 33

standard precautions

Back 33

a system recommended by the CDC to protect health care workers from contracting infections from all patients, regardless of diagnosis by preventing contact with their blood and body fluids

Front 34

sterilization

Back 34

free of living microorganisms; the process of destroying all microorganisms

Front 35

tuberculosis (TB)

Back 35

a chronic granulomatous infection caused by the acid-fast bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. it is generally transmitted by the inhalation or ingestion of infected droplet nuclei and usually affects the lungs, although infection of multiple organ systems occurs

Front 36

VRE ( vancomycin-resistant enterococci)

Back 36

drug resistant bacteria that contribute to surgical wound, urinary tract, and bloodstream infections.