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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which two poles of Andean Civilization Developed?
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1.) North Coast of Peru
2.) South Central Andes |
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What is part of the northern pole. How many major centres developed? What are the two important one?
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Northern is the Peruvian plains with 40 rives.
4 major centres developed. The two important ones are Chacama- Moche and Motupe- Lambayequel / Jequetepeque. |
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What parts make up the souther area?
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The Altiplano, Lake Titicaca, highland Bolivia, parts of argentina and Northern Chile.
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What brought the coast and highlands together?
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Religion and interchange.
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How much of the forest can be harvested?
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10%
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When is maize introduced?
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Just After 2500BC.
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When is irrigation introduced?
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Just after 2500BC.
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Under 60% carrying capacity, how many people can be supported.
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6.5 million people.
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What weather pattern has an effect on the fisheries in the Andes.
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El Nino
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What is traded as a carbohydrate?
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Seaweed is traded as a carbohydrate.
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What led to large dense populations?
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Reliance on maritime resources.
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What led to new economies?
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Maize, trade, and irrigation.
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Costal populations relied on the ocean for what percentage of subsistence.
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90%
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When was the Late Preceramic Period?
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3200BC-1800BC
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When was the initial period?
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1800BC-900/600BC
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Sedentary village along the coast are apparent between what periods?
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2500-1800BC
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Where was Huaca Priela? When was it inhabited? What was found at this site? What kind of designs did the textiles have here?
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Chicama Valley
3100BC-1800BC Cotton Weaving, wave of monumental construction, textiles used with twining techniques with designs of mythological human, condors, snakes and crabs. |
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When do the first complex societies date to?
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5000 years ago or ~3000BC.
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What was the name of the mound that was found at Aspero (Rio Supe).
When does the mound date to? |
Huaca de Indolos
3055BC |
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When was Caral inhabited? When was it abandoned? What is significant about Carl and what is found here?
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Inhabited between 2600-2000BC
It was abandoned between 2000BC and 1500BC. Irrigation agriculture and industrial crops are found here. Also a sign of a powerful elite. |
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When do chiefdoms on the north coast and central costs begin to interact?
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1800BC
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What is found at El Paraisio? When is El Paraisio inhabited? What is another site that has the U shaped platforms around the same time?
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U shaped platforms are found here and they are the oldest, they date back to 1800BC. Huaca Florida.
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When does subsistence shift from farming to large scale irrigation?
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1800BC.
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Where are residential building first found and when does it date to?
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Sechin Alto.
1400BC |
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What is the largest costal ceremonial centre?
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Sechin Alto.
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Where is channeled water first seen? What is found here?
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Chavin De Huantar a major ceremonial centre.
Distincitve art style over a wide area of highland. |
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What marks the beginning of Civilizations?
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The Early Horizon period (900/600BC-1AD)
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What is Lanzon?
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Jaguar like human
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When did the population decline in Chavin De Huantar?
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600BC
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What was the time period of Huaricoto?
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2000BC-200BC
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What is found at Kotosh?
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Burnt offerings and sacrificial practices.
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Where are the most spectacular textiles found?
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Paracas.
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What is found at Paracas?
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Natural Mummies
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How many different colours were there and what were the two most used?
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190 colours
blue and red |
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When does cloth become finer?
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2000BC
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When does the earliest preserved textile date to?
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4500BC
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Where is most of the weaving done?
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On backstrap looms.
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Which two societies formed on lake Titicaca?
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Chiripa on the southern side and Pukara on the northwestern side.
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When was the early horizon period?
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900/600BC-1AD
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When did Chipira civilization thrive? When was it a small village till? What was first seen here? What is this civilization ancestor to?
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1400BC-100AD
1000BC first stone carving Ancestor to Tiwanaku |
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When did the Pukara thrive?
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400BC-100AD
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When did ceramics, textiles, and irrigation spread to the souther coast?
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1200BC
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By 200BC some settlements in the Moche Valley covered up to how many square kilometres?
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1km2
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What was significant about Cerro Arean
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up to 2000 structures with up to 20 rooms in the buildings
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What was the time period of the Moche State? Which valleys did the moche state thrive?
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200BC-600AD
chicama valley and the moche valley |
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What lead to the collapse of the moche state?
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el nino and earthquakes
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Who is ancestral to tiwanaku?
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Chiripa
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When was Chiripa inhabited? When was it a small village till?
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1400BC-100AD
1000BC |
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When was Pukara inhabited till?
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Pukara (400 BC to AD 100
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Which site in the moche area is the only one not looted?
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Sipan
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What is the period of the middle horizon?
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600AD – 1000AD in southern highlands
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When in Tiwanaku the religious focus for the region? What was the population? What is Tiwanaku art style related to? When does Tiwanaku collapse?
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By AD 450 Tiwanaku is the economic and religious focus for the region with a population of 20, 000. Tiwanaku art style related to earlier Pukara. Religious art motifs found over much of southern Peru. State collapses ca. 1200 AD.
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Where was wari located? Which god did they worship?
Which site fortified settlement to exploit copper,lapis, and obsidian? When was Wari abandoned? 900AD. |
Ayacucho Valley. God – Viracocha. Cerro Baul – fortified settlement to exploit copper, lapis lazuli, and obsidian. Wari abandoned in 9th century but art styles persisted on the coast for two more centuries.
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Which two states led to the rise of the Incas?
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Wari and Tiwanaku were first two large political units. Their collapse near the end of the 1st millennium AD left a large political vacuum later filled by the Incas.
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Which state filled the gap of the moche state? which culture did this state represent?
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After AD 700 Sican filled vacuum left by the collapse of Moche on the coast. Lambayeque culture
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When did the el nino affect the sican state? What did this cause to happen? When was sican overthrown and by who?
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AD 1050 and 1100 disrution by a massive El Nino – political power shifted west. Overthrown by the Chimu state in 1375
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What is the important capital in Chimu
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chan chan
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What did the chimu rulers practice?
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split-inheritence
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When was chimu conquered and by who?
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1460 by the incas
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When did the inca flourish? Where was the homesland of Inca?
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Dates from AD 1476 – 1534.
the NW of the Titicaca Basin around Cuzco. |
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How many rulers are documented in Inca ?
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Inca histories list eight rulers between AD 1200 and 1438
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Who rose to power in Inca in the 15th century? Where did he begin his conquest from? What does the leader become?
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Leader Viricocha Inca rose to power in the at the beginning of the 15th C and begins permanent conquest from the small kingdom centred on Cuzco. Becomes the living god. Cult of Inti.
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Which inka king conquered chanca. what does he change his name to and what does it mean? when do the inca control the southern highlands?
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Cusi Inca Yupanqui crowned in ca. 1438. conquers the Chanca. Changes name to Pachakuti “He Who Remakes the World”. Develops a form of royal ancestor cult with law of split inheritance. New king has to acquire his own wealth – taxable labour “mit’a”. Leads to a system of constant military conquest. Success in battle gives upward mobility. By 1450 controlled the southern highlands. Within a century a vast empire.
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Who extends the inca empire into equador, n. argentina, and chile and who does he conquer?
Which successor moved deeper into equador? How many divisions is the society organized into? By the conquest of the spanish, how many people were in the inca empire? |
Topa Inca (1471 – 1493) extends empire into Ecuador, N Argentina, parts of Bolivia, and Chile and conquers the Chimu state. Successor Wayna Capac moves deeper into Ecuador. very efficient administrative system develops based on earlier societies. Existing roads linked into a coordinated system with rest houses. Society organized into 12 age divisions. Census and other data organized on quipu. At the Spanish conquest the Inca Empire had 6 million people. System of split inheritance caused problems caused miltary, economic, and administrative stress.
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