Ancient Rome Exam 1

Front 1

Rosetta Stone

Back 1

French solider found stone.

Inscription in 3 languages - Egyptian hieroglyphics and Greek

Front 2

Vesuvius

Back 2

Volcano that erupts over Pompeii and Herculaneum, creating a time capsule

Front 3

Pompeii

Back 3

Time capsule covered in ash after eruption of Mt. Vesuvius

Front 4

Herculaneum

Back 4

Time capsule covered in ash after eruption of Mt. Vesuvius

Front 5

Fabius Pictor

Back 5

First Roman historian

No works known - quoted by others

Front 6

Varro

Back 6

Wrote Human and Divine Antiquities

Conducted research by looking at records

Quoted by Livy

Front 7

Human and Divine Antiquities

Back 7

Complete history of Rome

30+ books

Front 8

Livy

Back 8

Quotes other authors such as Varro

Front 9

Polybius

Back 9

Greek historian captured by Rome

Wonders how are they successful if inferior?

Interviews important people in Rome for research

Front 10

Papyrus

Back 10

First invented by Egyptians

From papyrus reed (sticky sap)

Long scroll, two columns

Durable over time

Very flammable

Front 11

Dionysius of Halicarnassus

Back 11

Greek Historian

Front 12

Aristotle

Back 12

Large library of ancient books

Front 13

Diodorus Siculus

Back 13

Greek Historian

Puts words in people's mouth/embellishes

Thinks history should give moral lessons

Front 14

Alexandria

Back 14

Has largest library

Front 15

Suetonius

Back 15

History of Roman emperors

Front 16

Tacitus

Back 16

Look at early Rome -> Virtue, honor, good ppl

Current period -> corrupt, dishonest

History repeats itself

Front 17

Coin hoards

Back 17

In hazardous circumstances, put coins in jar and bury

-figure out latest dated coin (time burred, problematic time)

-tell who traded with

-Show propoganda

-Tell when govt in trouble (diluted with copper or lead)

Front 18

Etruscans

Back 18

Ahead of neighbor Rome early on

Different language (NOT Indo-European)

Open minded, high level of civilization

Romans borrow:
-Engineering -Irrigation system -durable stone buildings -basic arch - city planning -religion (fortune telling)

Front 19

IndoEuropean languages

Back 19

Most European languages

Front 20

City state

Back 20

A main central settlement controls the area around it

Front 21

Fascis

Back 21

Symbol of authority, sticks with a double headed ax

Front 22

Phoenicians

Back 22

Strong sailing/navigation skills
Good traders
In control of Carthage (Tyre)
Developed alphabet

Front 23

Celts

Back 23

Traded with Etruscansin Po River Valley

Front 24

Veii

Back 24

Etruscan city close to Rome
Captured by Rome

Front 25

Massilia

Back 25

Greek colony in Sicily

Front 26

Corsica

Back 26

Greek colony in Sicily

Front 27

Sicily

Back 27

Island off of Italy

Front 28

Corinth

Back 28

Greek city state that sets up Syracuse in Sicily

Front 29

Syracuse

Back 29

Set up in Sicily by Corinth

Front 30

Greek cities

Back 30

Sybaris, Croton, Tarentum, Cumae

Front 31

Dionysus

Back 31

God of wine/partying/wild sexual behavior

Front 32

Pythagoras

Back 32

Spends time in Croton

Front 33

Plato

Back 33

Spent time in Syracuse

Front 34

Gades

Back 34

a

Front 35

Sidon

Back 35

a

Front 36

Carthage

Back 36

Originally Phoenician colony Tyre in Africa

Front 37

Tyre

Back 37

Phoenicians control, later called Carthage

Front 38

Romulus

Back 38

Mother raped by Mars, left by banks of river, raised by mother wolf, shepard takes in and raises, become bandits

Rescues brother by killing king. Takes over Palatine Hill- calls Rome. Kills Remus after arguement.

Front 39

Remus

Back 39

Captured by king

Front 40

Sabines

Back 40

Lived by Rome, invited for feast, women taken

Front 41

Palatine Hill

Back 41

Taken over by Romulus, called Rome

Front 42

Forum

Back 42

Market place, meeting place, court trials

Front 43

Comitium

Back 43

Meeting / assembly place

Voting, public discussion, army meet up

Front 44

Patricians

Back 44

Wealthy, privileged aristocrats

Front 45

Plebians

Back 45

Not wealthy

Front 46

Equites

Back 46

Wealthy but not at the top of society

Front 47

Senate

Back 47

Select group of Patricians (elite)

about 300 men

Where laws are thought up

Runs public $$$

make religious decisions

Decide who gets military commands

foreign affairs

life term

Front 48

Clientage

Back 48

social institution that effects everyone

p/c cannot sue e/o, vote against e/o, link up w/ e/o enemies

Front 49

Patrons

Back 49

Wealthy influential people
Treats client like a son
Exlplain how things are done, help w/ legal/business matters, find a job, favors, $/food/handouts

Front 50

Clients

Back 50

Supports patron

If captured, pays ransom; If looses a lawsuit, help;help w/ fines and cost of public office, act as agent of patron, vote as patron desire

Front 51

Comitia Centuriata

Back 51

Centuriate Assembly - Governing Body

Military assimilation

Front 52

centuries

Back 52

military grouping/ unit

Front 53

centurions

Back 53

Head of centurie

Front 54

proletarians

Back 54

No $ for weapon, horses, armor
Throw rocks

Front 55

Consuls

Back 55

Most important public official

2 elected for 1 yr by military body

expected to take over leadership of military command

Front 56

Concilium Plebis

Back 56

Formed by group of protesters

Stage walk out on plebians

Demands-> Senate recognize Plebian Assembly, leaders are tribunes, elect other officials called Aediles

Front 57

Aediles

Back 57

Elected by Concilium Plebis

Assisstant to tribunes

in charge of shows and games, public buildings, markets, streets, water, sewers

Front 58

Tribunes

Back 58

Elected leader of Plebian assembly, protects plebians.

Veto power to block action by public official or prevent arrest

Immune from attack

Front 59

Lex Hortensia

Back 59

Measures of plebian assembly have force of law w/o senator concent

Front 60

Tribal assembly

Back 60

All male citizens

Patricians and plebians (presided over by patricians)

Elects public officials

Vote on dif matters

Front 61

Censors

Back 61

registering citizens and their property

In charge of tribal membership

Front 62

Twelve tables

Back 62

Written law

limits power

applies to everyone

Front 63

Praetors

Back 63

If both counsel out of town, act in their place

Acts as judge

Front 64

Quaestors

Back 64

In charge of $, financial records, taxes
CORRUPT

Front 65

Procurators

Back 65

NBD

(Only once emperors in power)

Front 66

Prefecls

Back 66

administrative officer

Front 67

Dictator

Back 67

Leader in time of crisis
Power for no more than 6 mo.

Front 68

Spartacus

Back 68

Slave that organizes uprising

Front 69

Janus

Back 69

One of earliest Roman gods

God of beginings, household

Front 70

Diana

Back 70

Goddess or moon/woods/hunting

Front 71

Vesta

Back 71

home/ community god

home fire/hearth

Front 72

Vestal virgins

Back 72

6 tend to fire at all times

Ages 6-10, serve 30 years

Remain virgins

Never let fire out

Front 73

Lares

Back 73

protect land around house

Front 74

Penates

Back 74

gods that protect food/grain in storage

Front 75

Saturnalia

Back 75

December, gifts, visiting holiday

Front 76

Evocatid

Back 76

Invite the enemy's god to leave enemy and join Rome

Front 77

Flamen dialis

Back 77

High priest
cannot work or watch others work
cannot do pretty much anything, good for political career

Front 78

Pontifices

Back 78

head is Pontifex maximus

Front 79

Pontifex maximus

Back 79

chosen by senate
In charge of rituals
decides holidays
organize calander

Front 80

Dionysus Cult

Back 80

god of partying youth resurrection

involves emotion

elaborate initiation

Dionysus offers afterlife

Front 81

Elusinian mysteries

Back 81

Didn't tell others about initiation rituals

Front 82

Bacchus

Back 82

Greek Dionysus

Front 83

Asclepius

Back 83

Healing god

Cult popular with soldiers

dream interpretation

Front 84

Cybele

Back 84

earth mother, fertility
baptize with bull blood
women too

Front 85

Isis

Back 85

fertility, growth
Resurrection (resurrected Osiris)

Front 86

Osiris

Back 86

resurrected by Isis

Front 87

Mithras

Back 87

God of life, creates

Popular among soliders

Contrasts good and evil

Immunity from death

Front 88

Camillus

Back 88

Developed flexible organization of army called maniples

Front 89

maniples

Back 89

splits army into smaller unity, more flexible

2 centuries for every maniple

Front 90

legion

Back 90

Basic unit of Roman army

Front 91

marius

Back 91

General - creates cohort
Pays soliders
Consul - high command
youngest guys on front line, allies to the side

Front 92

cohorts

Back 92

480 men unit - 10 to a legion

Front 93

military tribunes

Back 93

Consul = high command

Front 94

extraordinarii

Back 94

Roman in charge of allies

Front 95

Latin Leauge

Back 95

a

Front 96

veii

Back 96

Atruscan town attacked by Rome

Front 97

Gauls

Back 97

Sack Rome, like Roman 9/11

Front 98

Latin war

Back 98

Romans attack Latin towns around it

Front 99

Municipia

Back 99

Most privileged towns integrated into Rome

-Roman Land

-Roman Citizens

Front 100

Samnites

Back 100

30+ years
Team up with Gauls and Atruscans
Eventually Rome wins

Front 101

Tarentum

Back 101

Most Important Greek colony

Rome's ally against Samnites

Front 102

Pyrrhus of Epirus

Back 102

wanted to take over South Italy/Sicily

Big army w/ elephants

Won against Rome but with excessive casualties

Front 103

Carthage

Back 103

Phonetician colony in north Africa coast

Front 104

Punic Wars

Front 105

Sardinia

Back 105

Taken by Rome from Carthage in first Punic war

Front 106

Corsica

Back 106

Taken by Rome from Carthage in first Punic war

Front 107

Saquntum

Back 107

Greek city state that Romans make an ally
Taken by Hannibal in 2nd Punic War

Front 108

Hannibal

Back 108

Carthage general, starts 2nd punic war when he takes Saguntum

Front 109

Zama

Back 109

North Africa, Carthage city where Rome whips Hannibal ending 2nd punic war

Front 110

Macedonia

Back 110

Alexander the Great from here

Romans 1st take on Greece here b/c they helped Carthage, Rome wins.

Face off again, Rome sets up govt with Roman governer, divides into provinces

Front 111

Alexander the Great

Back 111

Carries out fathers plan to take over Persian empires all the way to India in less than 10 years

Front 112

Ptolemies

Back 112

Alexander the Great's general who became ruler in EGYPT and claims to be a god

Front 113

Seleucids

Back 113

Alexander the Great's general who became ruler in SYRIA/JORDAN and claims to be a god

Front 114

Antigonids

Back 114

Alexander the Great's general who became ruler in MACEDONIA and claims to be a god

Front 115

Corinth

Back 115

Leader of Greek rebellion against Roman control in Macedonia
Completely destroyed as example to Greeks

Front 116

Cato

Back 116

Roman senator who ends senate meeting with CARTHAGE MUST BE DESTROYED (revenge seeker)