Ancient Rome

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Republic

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A state where those who govern are elected by the people of the state.

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Assembly

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A government body representing all citizens of the Roman Republic who, along with the Senate, could make the laws.

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Senate

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The government body, that along with the Assembly, saw to the working of the Republic and the making of laws.

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Legionaries

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The soldiers of a legion.

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Tribune

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An official elected to protect the interests of the plebeians.

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Aqueducts

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Open sone troughs built on arched bridge-like bases that sloped gradually and carried water from the hills to the towns.

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Punic Wars

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The three wars fought between Rome and Carthage over a one-hundred-year period for control of Rome.

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Amphitheater

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an oval or round architectual structure with an area in the center surounded by tiered seating.

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Pompeii

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A town destroyed by a volcao eruption and later the site of important archaeological excavations.

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Cicero

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A Roman orator durng the time of Julius Caesar, he established the standard for Latin that still exists today.

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Virgil

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Roman poest who lived during the Augustan Age.

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Circus Maximus

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A long stadium that staged chariot races

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Pompey

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The Roman general who was defeated in his battle against Julius Caesar for power of Rome.

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Circus

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Provided by Augustus, one of the "free shows" that was open to the poor to provide entertainment and quell thoughts of rioting.

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Remus

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The legendary son of Mars adn twin brother of Romlus.

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Colossem

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An amphitheater built in Rome from 75 to 80 A.D., it could hold 45,000 spectators.

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Populares

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Those Romans who believed that a strong leader would end the troubles of Rome.

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Augustus Caesar

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The first emperor of Rome, he built a strong government, helped the poor, furthered the development of Latin literature, and oversaw the construction of many buildings in Rome.

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Princeps

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"First citizen"; the name tht Augustus Caesar wished to be called, to give the impression that he was not a solitary dictator.

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Constantinople

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From the year 330 A.D., the center of the eastern portion of the Roman Empire governed by Constantine.

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Tierius and Gaius Gracchus

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Brothers who campaingned to end corruption in the Roman government and to help the poor.

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Augustan Age

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The golden age of Latin literature seen during the rule of Augustus Caesar

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Romulus

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Said to be the son of Mars and the twin brother of Remus, the legendary founder and first king of Rome.

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Consul

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An official, one of two, selected from the Senate by the assembly to head the Roman Republic for one year.

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Etruria

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An area of Italy north of Rome and Latium, home to the Etruscans.

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Etruscan

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Citizen of Etruia; referring to the mos advanced civilization in Italy of its time, it took over Rome from the Latins.

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Forum

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Originally a marketplace and eventually a center for religious, social, and political activities in ancient Rome.

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Gladiator

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A man trained to entertain the Roman people by engaging in mortal combat.

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Hannibal

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A Carthaginian general who attacked Rome in the Punic Wars.

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Horace

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Famous Roman poet who lived during the Augustan Age.

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Julius Caesar

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The famous Roman general who become dictator for life; he was murdered at a meeting of the Senate in 44 B.C.

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Latins

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The people who resided in Latium; the first settlers of Rome.

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Latium

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A region of Italy east of the Tiber River

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Legion

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A unit in the Roman army consisting of four to six thousand men.

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Nero

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A wicked and selfish leader who cameto the throne forty years after the death of Augustus; he despised and killed many Christians.

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Octavian

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Julius Caesar's dopted son and heir, who became the first Roman emperor and took the name Augustus Caesar.

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Optimates

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Those Romans who wanted the Semate to remain the governing body of Rome; they believed that the government should be weak to ensure the power of the citizens.

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Pantheon

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A temple "for all gods" built by Augustus Caesar.

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Patrician

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Member of a wealthy, noble Roman family

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Plebeian

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Any citizen not a patrician; a commoner.