Ancient History 7: Gods And Goddesses

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Aphrodite

Back 1

--Goddess of Love and Beauty;
--Told Paris that that fairest woman would be his.
--She won the apple.
--Took Paris to Helen, the most beautiful woman
--Sided with the Trojans

Hint 1

Goddess

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Aphrodite

Back 2

--Goddess of Love and Beauty
--Sided with Paris in the Trojan War
--Aeneas was her son and he was the last remaining chief in Troy. Helped him and his family get to safety.
Helped Helen get back to Menelaus.
--Husband was Hephaestus, God of Fire

Hint 2

Goddess

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Hera

Back 3

--Goddess of marriage of children and of the home;
Wife of Zeus;
Promised Paris that he would be Lord of Europe and Asia if he gave her the apple.
Sided with the Greeks against Paris in the Trojan War.

Hint 3

Goddess

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Hera

Back 4

--Goddess of Marriage, children, and of the home
Worked with Athena to make sure the war would not end until Troy was destroyed.
When she quarrelled with Zeus, it caused storms on earth

Hint 4

Goddess

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Athena

Back 5

--Goddess of wisdom, justice and war
--Told Paris that if he gave her the applie, he wouled lead the Trojans to victory against the Greeks
Used Athena in a scheme of the Trojan horse.

Hint 5

goddess

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Athena

Back 6

Goddess of Wisdom
--Sided with the Greeks in the Trojan War
--Athena was the patron goddess of Athens and gave the city and olive tree

Hint 6

goddess

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Apollo

Back 7

God of the sun and patron of many things, including archery, music, prophency, medicine, and light.
--Helped the Trojans;
--Care for Hector;
--Guided the arrow that Paris shot that killed Achilles.

Hint 7

goddess

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Poseidon

Back 8

--God of the oceans and seas;
Earth-giver of hourse to mortals;
--favored the Greeks--a sea people--great sailers;
--Bitter agains the Trojans and helped Sinon' story seem true.
--Made two serpents swim to land, wrapped around Laocoon and his sons and crushed them to death. Trojans though it was a sign that they should keep the horse

Hint 8

goddess

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Poseidon

Back 9

--God of the Sea
--Borther of Zeus
--Ruled the oceans, lakes and rivers
--Poseidon offered the Athenians a spring os salt water and a horse.

Hint 9

god

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Ares

Back 10

--God of War and Combat
--Bloodthirsty
--Son of Zeus and Hera
Not popular

Hint 10

god

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Artemis

Back 11

--Goddess of the Youth and Hunting
--Twin sister of Apollo
--Guardian of cities, young animals and women
--Rainer of arrows and mighty huntress

Hint 11

goddess

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Demeter

Back 12

--Goddess of crops
--giver of grains and fruit

Hint 12

goddess

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Dionysus

Back 13

--God of fertility, of joyous life and hspitality, of wild things, and of wine

Hint 13

god

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Herphaestus

Back 14

God of fire and of artisans
Only ugly god

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god

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Hermes

Back 15

--God of orators, writers, and commerce;
--God of travel and trade
invented boxing and racing
--Brother was Apollo
--Guardian of wayfarers
--Messenger to mortals
--Son of Zeus

Hint 15

god

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Hades

Back 16

God of the Underworld
--ruled the gloomy underworld
--Good souls went to Elysian fields, while the wicked were tormented in Tartarus

Hint 16

god

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Priam

Back 17

King of Troy
Marrield to Queen Hecuba and their two sons were:
--Paris and Hector
Sinon was dragged to Priam to hear about how the Greek Army had sailed off and left an offering, the Trojan Horse
Died during Greek invasion; killed by Achilles son

Hint 17

Trojan

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Paris

Back 18

--Son of Priam (king of Troy) and Queen Hecuba)
---Brother of Trojan's greatest warrior, Hector
Prince who was sent away because it was said that he would ruin Troy

Hint 18

Trojan

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Paris

Back 19

Had to Decide who was the fairest goddess.
--selected Aphrodite
--Started the Trojan War against Greece when he took Helen from Sparta and its king, Menmelas
--Killed Achilles with an arrow guided by Apollo
Paris was shot by Philoctets who used Hercules bow and arrow.

Hint 19

Trojan

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Hector

Back 20

Greatest Trojan Warrior
Brother of Paris
Son of Priam and Queen Hecuba
Killed by Achilles

Hint 20

Trojan

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Laocoon

Back 21

Trojan who was suspicious of Sinon's story about the Trojan horse and the departure of the Greeks.
--Crushed by two serpents that swamn across the land
Trojans thought thaat he was being punished for opposing the Trojan horse

Hint 21

Trojan

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Aeneas

Back 22

son of Aphrodite
--last remaining Trojan Chief
--Fought the Greeks as long as he could that left Troy with his mother's help.

Hint 22

Trojan

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Helen

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--most beautiful woman of all
--Daughter of Zeus and Leda, her mother;
--King Tyndareus was her step father and he made all the Greek chiefs swear to protect Helen and her husband
Chose Menelaus, who was made king of Sparta
Paris stole Helen
-Fought the Trojan War over Helen

Hint 23

Greek

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Menelaus

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Married Helen
King of Sparta

Hint 24

Greek

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Odysseus

Back 25

--Chief of Ithaca (Greek); trickster; strategist of the Trojan horse; honorable warrior
--Did not want to fight the Trojans
--After Achilles death, given his magnificant arms;
--Came up with the plan to defeat the Trojans. The only way to defeat them was getting through the walled city by entering it with a big Trojan horse.
--The horse would be full of troops and once inside the walls, they would climb out and let in the Greek warriors
--Also the Greek ships would have to leave the port and hid somewhere else so they could invade Troy.

Hint 25

Greek

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Achilles

Back 26

--Greatest Greek warrior of all times
--Mother dipped him into the River Styx to make him unvulnerable/strong. Only his heel left unprotected.
--Mother said that the Trojan war would take his life
--Disagreed with Agamemnon, the Greek military leader.
--Killed Hector
--Paris killed Achilles with an arrow directed by Apollo

Hint 26

Greek

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Ajax

Back 27

Carried Achilees body out of the battle while Odysseus held the Trojan soilders back;
--Lost the decision on Achilles great arms
--Went mad and killed the Greek animals
--When he recovered was upset and killed himself

Hint 27

Greek

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Sinon

Back 28

Brave Greek soldier who agreed to be left behind so that he could tell a story about the Greeks leaving Troy and the Trojan horse
--Dragged to Priam and said that he no longer wanted to be Greek because they were going to sacrifice him.
He wove the story about the Trojan horse being an offering to Pallas Athena since she was angry when they stole the Palladium.
--Trojans believed the story and pulled the Trojan horse inside its gates.

Hint 28

Greek

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Aegeus

Back 29

--King of Athens, son was Theseus
--Buried sword and shoes for son to find
--Proclaimed Theseus heir to Athens
--Killed self when he thought his son had died fighting the minotaur
Aegean Sea named after him

Hint 29

Athens

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Theseus

Back 30

Son of Aegues, the Athenian King
Lived with mother until old enought to lift sword from stone
--Greatest Althenian hero who was very adventureous
--killed Minotaur monster (half human/half bull)
--Made king of Athens, but he did not want to be king.
--Established democracy where people ruled and he was commander in chief
--Athens prospered.

Hint 30

Athens

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Minos

Back 31

Ruler of Crete; wife was Paisphae
--Son Androgeus (killed visiting Athens); daughter was Ariadne who ran off with Theseus
--Required Aegeus to give him 7 maidens and 7 youth as a tribute. They would be given to the Minotaur.
--Poseidon had given Minos a bull to sacriface in his honor. Mino kept the bull and as punishment, he made his wife, Paisphae fall in love with the bull and they produced the Minotaur.

Hint 31

Crete

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Ariadne

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Daughter of Minos and Paisphae;
--Fell in love with Theseus
--Showed him how to escape from the Labyrinth
--Sailed of with Theseus after he killed the Minotaur.
--Killed on an islandd

Hint 32

Crete

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Daedalus

Back 33

--great architect and inventor who constructed the great Labyrinth of confinement for the Minotaur
--Labyrinth was famous throughout the world
--There was no escape from the Labyrinth.
--Theseus did escape with the help of Ariadne

Hint 33

Crete

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Poseidon

Back 34

--God of the Sea
--Second in power to his brother Zeus
--Ruled the oceans, lakes and rivers
--Gave Minos a bull for him to sacriface in his honor, but Minos could not bear to kill the bull
--To punish him, Poseidon made Pasiphae, Minos' wife, fall madly in love with it
--They produced a Minotaur--half bull/half human

Hint 34

God

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Geography of Greek Life

What geography patterns helped shape Greek life?

Back 35

The sea
The land
The Climate
(Terrain mostly mountainous and over 2,000 islands_

Front 36

Describe how the Sea affected Greek life.

Back 36

The sea shaped Greek civiliation.
Greeks lived around the sea
The Aegean Sea, the Ionian Sea and the Black Sea were important transporation and trade routes.
--Seaways linked most parts of Greece
Sea travel and trade were most important because Greece lacked natural resources, such as timber, metals and usable farmland.

Front 37

How did the sea shape Greek civilization?

Back 37

--Rugged mountains covered about 3/4th of ancient Greece.
--Mountains divided the land into a number of different regions that influenced political life.
--Instad of a single government, Greeks developed small independent communities within each little valley an dits surrounding mountains
--land transportation was difficult--easier by water
--only small parts of land used for farming (1/4 of Greece)
--Small streams not suitable for large scale irrigation projects for farming
--Greece never able to support large population
--Motivated to seek new sites for colonies

Front 38

How did the climate shape Greek life?

Back 38

--third important environmental influence on Greek civilization
--Moderate temperature (48 degrees and 80 degrees);
Greeks spent a lot of time outdoors at public events
Meet often to debate politial issues, news, etc.

Front 39

What was the Mycenaean Civilization?

Back 39

2000 BC-1200 BC
1. Began in Southern Greece on the Pelopannesus in the city-state of Mycenae.
2. Most city-states were monarchies (ruled by king or chief) that were influence by the Minoan culture
3. Settled many colonies on the island of the Aegean and Ionic Sea and on the cost of Anatolia.
4. The Trojan War was fount at the end of this period

Front 40

Important archaelogical discoveries of the 19/20th Century

What about Crete (1898-1935)

Back 40

1.Sir Arthur Evans found the ruins of Knossos including the palace of Minos and the Labyrinth, which was the bases for legend of Theseus and the Minotaur.

Front 41

Early Civilizations (3000-700 BC)

What was the Dorian Civilization like?

Back 41

--1200 BC-700
1. Dorians took Greece after the collaspse of the Mycenaeans;
2. The period is called the Dark Ages" because they did not have a writing system
3. Greece was a region of independnent city-wtates (polis)
4. Homer lived at the end of the period; great myths develped to expalin their gods and the mysteries of nature.

Front 42

Important Archaelogical Discoveries of the 19th/20th Centuries


Troy (Ilium)

Back 42

(1873-76)
1. Using the Iliad of Homer, German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann found the ruins of Troy in NW Turkey (around 1870)
--Considered one of the Mycenaean last battle campaigns

Front 43

Minoan Civilization

Back 43

--3000-1200
--Began on the island of Crete
Names after the famous King Minos
Know for its famous art work (fresco paintings, pottery) and its culture greatly influenced Greece
--Earthquakes and invasion sled to decline

Front 44

Other things about Mycenaeans

Back 44

Strong rules contorleed areas around other Mycenaean cities, such as Tiryns and Athens;
Kings or monarch dominated Greece

Front 45

Another name for Greece?

Back 45

Hellas

Front 46

Other Information of the Minoans

Back 46

Minoans were sea people.
Minoans influenced the Mycenaeans in trading by sea and they adapted the Minoan writing system to the Greek language and decoraed vases with inoan designs.
The Minoan-influenced culture of Mycenae formed the core of Greek religious practice, art, politics and literature.
Western civilization has its roots in early Mediterranen civilization

Front 47

What are the epics of Homer?

Back 47

Lived during the Dorian period
Dorians lacked writing--far less advanced than the Mycenaens.
--economy collaspted
Learned history through the spoken word. Homer was the greatest storyteller;
He was blind
Composed his epics, narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds sometime between 750-700 BC
The Trojan War forms the backdrop for one of Home's great epic poems the Lliad.

Front 48

How did the Greeks Create Myths?

Back 48

Developed a rich set of myths or traditional stories about their gods.
Homer's works and Theogony by Hesiod, are the source of Greek mythology.
Greeks understood the mysteries of nature and power of human passions through myths of gods.
Aeus--ruler of all gods lived on Mt. Olympus with wife, Hera.
Athena was the guardian of cities especially Athens, which was named in her honor

Front 49

What about Sparta?

Back 49

Located at peloponnesus and cult off from the rest of Greece by the Gulf of Corinth
Sparta was a military state
Took over region of Messenia and they were called Helots (peasants forced to work the land).
--Helots rebelled against Spartan rule