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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Petrolana 1959
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A humanoid skull recovered - a HS Sapein. Bough to the cave site by scavengers
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Francthi Cave (Peleoponnese)
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Stratified human occupation since 2200BCE
Seasonal Occupation - travelling clan projectile weapons, flint tool, human bones |
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Kleithi Cave
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Summer settlement of 15-20 people hunting antelope
Had to adapt to harsh conditions 7000-5000BCE settlement pattern change |
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What 4 changes caused Greece to change into a place with permanent settlements
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Metallurgy, Use of fortification, monumental architecture and agricultural innovations
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Palace of Minos
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Uncovered in 1900 by Arthur Evans on Crete. 1000+ rooms, depictions of bulls, throne room,
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Gournia
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Site on Crete excavate by Harriet Boyd. discovered gournes, labrys, marines pottery, small tablets, bottomless cones, Minoan snake goddess
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Crete
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Island inhabited by the 'Minoans'. Creation story: Zeus + Europa
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Gournes
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Large round stones with basins on top found in Gournia
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Labrys
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A double axe, symbol of the bull. recovered in both useful and ornamental forms in Gournia and Knossos.
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Marine Pottery
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Pottery recovered from Gournia with marine themes on them.
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1450BCE
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Prolific civilization in Crete come to an abrupt halt.
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Minoan Twilight
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1450-1000BCE. The civilization continued but was not as opulant or prosperous. Knossos endured, Gournia did not
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Excavation at Thera/Santorini in 1886
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Destroyed by a volcanic eruption. No human remains found. Similar to civilizations on Crete
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Houses on Thera
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Very opulent, up to 3 stories. Similar to crete - shared walls and frescos
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Religion on Thera
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Polytheistic and female goddess-based - this suggests gender equality or even matriarchy
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Theater Zones
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In the 4 minoan palace centers an L shaped zone for ~500 individuals. Performance space for bull leaping?
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Grand Stand Fresco
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A fresco showing a theatre zone, but can only see the audience
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Minoan Art
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Had religious and political function but seemed to used as art for arts sake
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Sypridon Marintos
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Archaeologist that excavated Thera and proposed volcanic eruption theory
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What is the myth of atlantis according to Plato
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Atlantian were a powerful people who ruled the sea and worshipped bulls. They were subjected to divine retribution because of their hubris. Atlantis sank and the hills of Athens washed away.
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Europa
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Raped by Zeus and then settles with him on Crete. Has 3 children with him, the most notable: Minos.
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Minos
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Son of Zeus and ruler of Crete who asks Posedion for a sign that he should be king. Married to Pasophae.
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Daidalos
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Inventor on crete who builds a cow contraption and labyrinth for King Minos.
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Pasophae
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Wife of Minos. Cursed by Posedion to mate with a bull. Gives birth to the Minotaur
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Minotaur
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A half bull, half human male monster. Has a hunger for human flesh and is imprisoned in the labyrinth built by Daidalos until he is killed.
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How did metallurgy in early Greece help develop civilization?
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bronze dagger, ornaments and jewelry suggest trade and luxury item. By 2000BCE smithing was used to refine weapons - could kill more efficiently
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How did use of fortification help develop Greek civilization?
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Fortification walls suggest permanent settlement/protection and implies raids - class of people become evident
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Tzoungiza Ox
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A terracotta figurine of an ox with a yoke around its neck - earliest evidence of plow animals in the Aegean
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Agricultural Innovations
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Animals for cultivation of property - Implies renewable animal products.
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Heinrich Schliemann
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Excavated Mycenae
Mask of Agamemnon ~1500BC (Pre-Trojan War) |
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2000BC Mainland Greece
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Invasion by pre-Greek people
spoke proto-greek |
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1500BC Mainland Greece
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Beginning of urban centers and cultural creativity
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Carl Blegen
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Excavated at Pylos
Nestors Palace ~1500BC |
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Tholos Tomb
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Mycenaean Tomb
Tholos = beehive |
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Megaron
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'the big place'
Mycenaean Palaces. 3 part division |
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Cyclopean Mansonry
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Big stone blocks
Mycenaean period ex. Lions gate at Mycenae |
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Mycenaean Triad
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Grape, Grain and Olives
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Government Structure of Mycenaean centres
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Monarchy
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Wanax
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Linear B for 'King' - war lord
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Wanakteros
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'Staff of the Wanax' in Linear B
seen on the bottom of Mycenaean stirrup jars |
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Lawagetas
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'People leader' in Linear B
2nd most frequent word |
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Qasirue
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'King' - manager/mayor
in charge of small outying towns |
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Geronsia
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Counsil of elders who advise rule
Linear B |
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The Great Karnak Inscription
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made by Mernempta in 1208BC about how the 'sea peoples' sacked the acheans, sicily, sardina,danaoi and the Philistines
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Mycenaean Twilight/darkage
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1200-1000BC
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The 3 Epic Cycles
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Theban, Herculean and Trojan
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Epikos
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something that is wordy
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Kameisthi
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'for the most beautiful'
Carved on an apply by Eris (Strife) at Thetis and Pelus wedding |
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Xenia
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Good hospitality/conduct
guest-host relationship |
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Milman Parry
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Noticed that illiterate yugoslavian poets composed lengthy poems in a similar way to which the Homeric Epics were composed
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Wild Papyri
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texts on the homeric epics from greco-roman egypt that don't fit with the other versions of the narrative
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Sing of the Rage
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Opening lines of the Iliad
wrt. Achilles |
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Aristeia
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Excellence (in Homeric epics wrt. war)
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Geras
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War prizes (anything movable)
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Time`
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Glory
attained by accumulating war prizes |
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Kleos and Kleos aphthiton
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Reputation
attained by achieving glory indestructable |
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atime`
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a loss of glory
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Brotos/Brotoi
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Flesh (Humans/mortals)
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Ambrotoi
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Not-blooded (Gods)
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Ambrosia
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Deathless food
Sustains the gods |
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Nectar
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Deathless Juice
Sustains the gods |
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Eichor
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Gods version of blood - can lead to a terminal condition
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Do ut des
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'I give so you give'
relationship between the gods and humans |
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Apeiros
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'Boundless'
Describes a gods life |
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Moira
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'Portion/allotment'
describes the limited human life we are given |
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Choice of Moira
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Only ever given to Achilles
He chose a short life filled with Kleos |
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Teichoskopei
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'View from the wall'
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Eidolon
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Ghost-like entity, but has some corporal qualities
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Nostoi
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'the return' of all the greek warrios home (Except Odysseus)
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Nostos
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'Return'
Theme of the Odyssey |
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Mnester
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'reminder'
The suitors in the Odyssey |
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Calypso
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'I will hide'
Nymph who trapped Odyssues on Ogygia |
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Hector
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Achilles counterpart
Son of Priam Married to Andromache Son = Astyanax |
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Lotophagoi
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'Lotus eaters'
distractive Xenia |
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Katabasis
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'downhill' a descent into the underworld and return
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Nekuia
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'Rebirth' after a trip to the underworld
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Odysseus
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King of Ithica
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Phoenix
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Achilles foster father
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Ajax
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2nd best warrior at troy after Achilles
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Athiopis
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Achilles death
1st in the epic cycle |
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Ilias Mikra
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'Little Iliad'
2nd in epic cycle Pre-sack of Troy |
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Iliopersis
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'sack of Troy'
3rd epic cycle |
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Chrestomathy
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Collection of a synopsis of the epic cycle
attributed to Proclus |
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Agamemnon
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King of Mycenae, Greek leader in the Iliad
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Aiolos
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Gods of the winds in the Odyssey
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Ajax
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2nd best Greek fighter in the Trojan War
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Alkinoos
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King of Phaeacia
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Andromache
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Wife of Hector, A trojan in the Iliad
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Antikleia
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Mother of Odysseus
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Arete
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Queen of Phaeacia
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Argos
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Odysseus dog
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Astyanax
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Infant son of Hector, Iliad
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Briseis
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Achilles war prize, who is stolen by Agamemnon
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Cassandra
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Daughter of Priam, Princess of Troy, Stolen by Agamemnon - prophetess
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Chryseis
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Agamemnon's war prize, taken from her father Chryses
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Chryses
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Priest to Apollo
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Circe
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Enchantress who entices Odysseus
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Demodukus
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Blind Phaeacian poet who sings of the Trojan war
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Diomedes
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King of Argos
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Elphenor
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Comrade of Odysseus who dies on Circes island by falling off the roof
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Eumaios
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Swine herder from the royal house in Ithica
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Eurykleia
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Odysseus wet-nurse
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Hector
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Son of Priam, Achilles Trojan counterpart
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Hecuba
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Priam's wife
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Helen
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Queen of Sparta and wife of Menelaus, stolen by Paris to Troy
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Herakles
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Hero, who appears as a Eidolon in the Odyssey
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Kalypso
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'I will hide' nymph who traps Odysseus on her island
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Laertes
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Odysseus father
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Menelaus
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King of Sparta, husband of Helen in both the Odyssey and the Iliad
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Nausikka
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Phaeacian Princess who finds odysseus
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Neoptolemus
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Son of Achilles
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Nestor
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King of Pylos, a Greek
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Odysseus
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King of Ithica, husband of Penelope
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Paris
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Son of Priam, steals Helen from Sparta
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Patrolcus
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'Beloved' of Achilles. Killed by masquerading as Achilles in his armour
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Peleus
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Achilles father
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Penelope
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Queen of Ithica, wife of Odysseus
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Phoenix
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Achilles foster father, Greek hero
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Priam
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King of Troy, husband of Hecuba
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Sarpendon
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King of Lycia, fought on the side of the Trojans
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Teiresias
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Seer, encountered as a Eidolon by Odysseus in the underworld
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Telemachos
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Son of Odysseus
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Thetis
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Goddess mother of Achilles
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Thersites
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Greek fighter who gets beat up by Odysseus
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Polutropon
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many turns, in reference to Odysseus
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