Ancient Greece

Front 1

In this type of government, a single ruler takes control by force. He can do anything that he or she wants, following no rules or laws. He keeps the people of his nation in line with violence. The citizens usually have few if any political rights.

Back 1

dictatorship (a.k.a. despotism, tyranny, or autocracy)

Hint 1

single ruler can do anything

Front 2

This is rule by a single ruler called a king or a queen. The right to rule in this form of government is passed down along family bloodlines.

Back 2

monarchy

Hint 2

king or queen passed down along family

Front 3

This is rule by a single ruler called a king or a queen. The right to rule is passed down along family bloodlines. In it, the ruler can do anything he or she wants, and rules his people by fear. He or she keeps the citizens in line with violence, and they have few if any political rights.

Back 3

absolute monarchy (a.k.a. despotism or tyranny)

Hint 3

king or queen can do anything

Front 4

This is rule by a single ruler called a king or a queen. The right to rule is passed down along family bloodlines. In it, the ruler has limits to what he or she can do. Subjects in this type of kingdom are allowed a voice in their government and have many political rights.

Back 4

limited monarchy

Hint 4

king or queen is limited

Front 5

In this type of government, a small, select group of people rules on a council. They pass their right to rule along family bloodlines. The council has all the power, and they keep everyone else in line with violence. People outside the council have very few political freedoms and rights.

Back 5

oligarchy

Hint 5

small group can do anything

Front 6

In this type of government, people rule by vote. Sometimes they vote on the decisions of government directly, and at other times they vote for representatives who make the decisions of government for them.

Back 6

democracy

Hint 6

people rule by vote

Front 7

In this type of government, all of the citizens living under it rule by vote. They vote on every decision the government makes. In it, every person has a voice in their government and many political rights.

Back 7

direct democracy

Hint 7

people rule by vote, vote on every decision the government makes

Front 8

In this type of government, all of the citizens living under it rule by vote. They vote for representatives. These representatives then vote to make the decisions the government makes. In it, every person has a voice in their government and many political rights.

Back 8

representative democracy

Hint 8

people rule by vote, vote for representatives

Front 9

This is a synonym for representative democracy.

Back 9

republic

Hint 9

representative democracy = republic

Front 10

What two civilizations were the first to appear in Greece ca. 2000 BCE?

Back 10

the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations

Front 11

What brought the Minoan civilization to an end?

Back 11

Earthquakes and tsunamis unleashed by volcanic eruption.

Front 12

What brought the Mycenaean civilization to an end ca. 1150 BCE?

Back 12

An invasion by a group of Greek-speaking people called the Dorians.

Front 13

Where did the Doric tribes build their city states starting ca. 800 BCE?

Back 13

rocky hilltops

Front 14

This city-state produced great thinkers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Starting at a young age, they began educating their boys in reading, writing, mathematics, poetry, music, art, and the military arts.

Back 14

Athens

Front 15

This city-state of ancient Greece was well-known for the warriors it produced. It began training their boys for war beginning at the age of seven or eight.

Back 15

Sparta

Front 16

This was the name of the slaves that the Spartans kept in line with brute force and humiliation.

Back 16

the helots

Front 17

This ruler created the Persian Empire.

Back 17

Cyrus the Great

Front 18

This ruler sent an army to punish the Greeks because they helped the Greek city-states of Ionia rebel against Persian rule ca. 500 BCE.

Back 18

Darius I

Front 19

The Greeks won this battle against the Persians in 490 BCE. To bring word of the victory back to Athens, the Greeks sent a runner. He ran the entire 26 miles back to the city and died of exhaustion shortly after he delivered his message.

Back 19

the Battle of Marathon

Hint 19

the Battle of Marathon = runner was sent

Front 20

Along with a bodyguard of 300 hundred of his countrymen and 8,000 other Greek soldiers, this Spartan King defended the pass at Thermopylae against a Persian army of over 100,000 soldiers in 480 BCE.

Back 20

Leonidas

Front 21

What was the name of the pass that 300 Spartans and 8,000 soldiers from various other Greek city-states defended against the Persians in 480 BCE?

Back 21

Thermopylae

Front 22

What was the name of the Persian king who fought against Leonidas and his 300 Spartans at the Battle of Thermopylae in 480 BCE?

Back 22

Xerxes

Front 23

What was the name of the strait that Themistocles defended against the Persian navy during the Battle of Thermopylae ca. 480 BCE?

Back 23

the Strait of Artemisium

Front 24

At what battle did the Athenian fleet defeat the Persian navy ca. 480 BCE? This defeat forced the Persians to return to the Persian Empire; they never returned to attack the Greek city-states.

Back 24

the Battle of Salamis

Front 25

After the Persians left Greece in 480 BCE, Athens formed this alliance in order to better defend itself from Persian attacks.

Back 25

the Delian League

Front 26

Alarmed at the growing power of Athens and its alliance called the Delian League, the Spartans formed this alliance to counter it.

Back 26

the Peloponnesian League

Front 27

In 432 BCE, the city-states of Athens and Sparta and their allies went to war against each other in this series of conflicts.

Back 27

the Peloponnesian Wars

Front 28

This city-state ultimately won the Peloponnesian Wars, but they ultimately weakened the city-states of Greece and made them vulnerable to attacks by the Macedonian Empire under Philip of Macedon.

Back 28

Sparta

Front 29

This Macedonian king carried out his father's plans to invade the Persian Empire in 338 BC. He finally conquered it 12 years later, thus creating an empire that stretched from the mountains of Greece to the Indus Valley in India.

Back 29

Alexander the Great

Front 30

This is a heavily-armored Greek soldier who fought in a formation called a phalanx.

Back 30

hoplite

Front 31

This is the name of the formation in which the heavily armored Greek hoplites fought.

Back 31

phalanx

Front 32

This is the name of the ships that the Persians and the Greeks used against each other in naval battles during the Persian Wars.

Back 32

triremes

Front 33

The ancient Greeks organized themselves into microstates called these. They included the city itself (like Athens or Sparta) and the land surrounding it. Each had its own government, military, and unique personality.

Back 33

city-states

Front 34

In what series of conflicts did the Persians attack the Greek mainland, hoping to add it to their empire?

Back 34

the Persian Wars

Front 35

This is an agreement between countries. In it, they pledge to help each other. This usually means they will help defend each other in times of war.

Back 35

an alliance