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122 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Iliad? |
The Trojan War |
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What is the Odyssey? |
Odysseus journey back to Ithaca |
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Who wrote the Illiad and the Odyssey? |
Homer |
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What are Tholos, and why did they become obsolete? |
Royal graves that were built into a hill No longer used due to easy access of thieves, vast use of resources and time required to build. |
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What was the capital of Atlantis? |
Metropolis |
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How large was Atlantis? |
Larger than the contients of Africa and Asia combined |
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Where was Atlantis? |
Atlantic Ocean west of Spain -> Past pillars of Hercules (ocean between Spain and Africa) |
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Who is our only source of Atlantis? |
Plato |
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Who was Daedalus and Icurus? |
{mythology} Daedalus invented flying and wax wings / created the Labyrinth for the Minotaur
Icurus borrowed them and flew too close to the sun |
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What happened to Androgeus? |
Killed at Athen games because he won |
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What's a Hoplite? |
Greek (used by both Athens and Sparta) foot soldiers equipped with spear, curved sword shield, helmet, greaves (which they had to supply themselves) |
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Which goddess did Spartan value? What was she the goddess of? |
Artemis - the goddess of the hunt |
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What were the three types of columns? Can you describe them? |
- Doris (trapezoid end) - Ionic (curly ram horn end) - Corinthian (fancy end) |
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Who was the leader of Persia during the 490 BCE first invasion of Greece (the Battle of Marathon)? |
Darius I |
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What was the Trireme? (which Greek city was it associated with?) |
An ancient vessel meant to ram the enemy ship Associated with Athens (strength in navy) |
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Who defeated the Minotaur? |
Theseus |
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Who were the Minotaur's parents? |
Pasiphae and a bull sent by Zeus (ewww) |
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Who created the Minotaur's labyrinth? |
Daedalus |
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Who was Minos? Who was his wife? Who were his parents? |
MINOS - king of Crete / every nine years made King Aegeus bring seven boys and seven girls to be eaten by the Minotaur WIFE - Pasiphae PARENTS - Zeus and Europa |
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Who was the goddess of victory? |
Nike |
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Who came up with the idea for the Trojan Horse? |
Odysseus |
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Who was Odysseus? |
-King of Ithaca -Developed the Trojan Horse idea -Important character in the Odyssey (featured in the Illiad as well) |
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Who was a Trojan prince as well as the best fighter for the city? |
Hector |
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Who was the king and founder of Athens in mythology? |
Aegeus |
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Who was Erin? |
Goddess of discord and strife |
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Who did the Trojan prince Paris elope with from Sparta which iniated the Trojan war? |
Helen (queen of Sparta - married to Menelaus) |
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Who killed Hector? |
Achilles |
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Who killed Achilles? Which God guided the arrow that killed him? |
-Paris (shot an arrow into his Achilles' heel) -Guided by the god Apollo |
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What was an ostrakon? Which Greek city was it associated with? |
A broken sherd of pottery which was used by Athenian citizens to write their vote on whether or not to banish (ostracize) an individual |
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What was the krypteia? What were helots? |
KRYPTEIA - An ancient Spartan state institution / secret police
HELOT - Spartan serfs / slaves - dealt by the krypteia |
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What were the names given to foreigners that lived in Athens (and most city-states except Sparta)? |
Metic |
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What were the perioeci? What city were they in? |
Free men of Sparta who were natives of Lacedaemonia and did not have full citizen rights. |
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What was a stratego? |
A Greek military general |
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What was the Peloponnesian war? Who won? How did the war begin? |
A war fought between Sparta and Athens (431-404 BCE) The Spartans were victorious Spartan fear over the rising power of Athens |
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What killed Pericles? |
The plague of Athens |
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Who was the leader of Athens during the Peloponnesian War? |
Pericles |
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Who was Xerxes? What did he do? |
-Persian king -(480 BCE) did a massive invasion of Greece and marked the battles of Thermophlaye, Salamis and Plataea |
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What was the battle of Salamis? Who were the leaders? |
(480 BCE) naval battle between an alliance of Greek city-states against Persia GREEK COMMANDER - Themistocles PERSIAN COMMANDER - Xerxes |
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Who was an ugly Greek philospher that led a revolution of thinking? |
Socrates |
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Who was the founder of Athenian democracy and liberator of Athenian tyranny? |
Cleisthenes |
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Who was Pisistratus? Who were his children? |
A tyrant that took over Athens and planned on passing it down to his sons: Hippias and Hipparchus |
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Who overthrew Hippias (cruel dictator of Athens and son of Pisistratus)? What group of people helped? |
Cleisthenes overthrew Hippias with assistance from Spartans |
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After Hippias was overthrown, which two individuals struggled for power? Who won and how? |
Cleisthenes and Isagoras
Isagoras seized power with Spartan aid. Cleisthenes fleed Athens before Spartan troops reached the city |
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What happened after Isagoras reigned Athens with tyranny? |
Athens revolted -> Spartans left Athens -> Isagoras fleed -> Cleisthenes recalled from exile to run a system of democracy |
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What was the tragic story of Oedipus? |
Accidently killed his father and married his mother |
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Who was the goddess of wisdom and war? |
Athena |
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Who was the leader and youngest of the first generation of Titans? |
Cronus |
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What was an acropolis? |
An important temple/citadel established on a rocky mound. Most famous one in Athens - the Parthenon is built on it with many other buildings |
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What goddess did the Parthenon worship? |
The goddess Athena (the city's patron) |
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Who were two important students of Socrates? |
Plato and Xenophon |
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How did Socrates die? |
(399 BCE) put on trial after being accused of corrupting young people with his philosphy. Could either renounce his beliefs or drink hemlock. He drank the hemlock. |
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Who was an important student of Plato? |
Aristotle |
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Who was king Leonidas? How did he die? |
The king of Sparta Died at the Battle of Thermoplyae |
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Which Greek leader was ostracized and had to live in Persia? |
Themistocles |
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What was the battle of Thermopylae? What happened? Who won? Who were the leaders? |
(480 BCE) battle between Persians and city-state alliance of Greek city-states Here the Greeks blocked off the Persians in a bottleneck in the mountains called Thermopylae 300 Spartan soldiers / 6000 other Greek soldiers -> 100,000 Persians Persians were victories -> Greek traitor told Persians how to move around the mountains GREEK LEADER - King Leonidas of Sparta PERSIAN LEADER - Xerxes |
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What was the most important shrine in all of Greece? |
The Oracle of Delphi |
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Who was the last Greek to be ostracized? |
Hyperbolus |
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Name 6 Greek philosphers |
- Plato - Aristotle - Socrates - Xenophon - Thales - Euclid |
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What important battle was fought in 490 BCE during the first Persian invasion of Greece? |
The Battle of Marathon |
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What happened at the Battle of Marathon (490 BCE)? Who won? |
Persian navy arrived 40 miles north of Athens. Athenian army with help from the Plataean army trapped the Persians on the plains around the bay
The Athenians and the Plataeans were victorious. This victory showed that that the Greeks can beat the Persians! |
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Define ecclesia |
An assembly of citizens in a Greek city-state where they could speak their minds. |
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Who was the lawgiver that founded most of the institutions of ancient Sparta? There is speculation that he doesn't exist. |
Lycurgus |
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What were archons? How long were they appointed? |
The chief law administrators of various Greek city states Initially appointed to office for life, but later three were elected for one year terms |
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What did Draco do when he was elected archon of Athens? |
Replaced oral law and enacted the first written code at Athens Had harsh legal code that punished both trivial and serious crimes in Athens with death |
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Name 5 things Solon did when he was elected archon of Athens? (Solon became archon after Draco) |
- cancelled debts of farmers, who had previously been forced into slavery if they could not repay wealthier landowners - allowed ALL wealthy men, aristocrats or not, to hold public office (and vote) - increased the number of archons from 3 to 9, the additional ones being charged with enforcing the law - replaced Draco's law code with a more moderate one - also began Council of Four Hundred, which proposed ideas for the citizen assembly to occur (ecclesia) |
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What is an agora? |
An open marketplace / gathering area |
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What are apoikai? Why did the Greeks search for it? |
Away homes City-states launched a search for apoikai as they needed additional land to grow food |
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Who was Herodotus? What happened to him? |
A Greek historian known as the father of history Exiled for agreeing with Persian rule |
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Describe the Battle of Gaugamela (331 BCE)? Who won? Who were the leaders? |
Greek invasion of Persia. Darius III prepared the battleground on the Plain of Gaugamela as an attempt to prevent the Greek advance into Persia. Persian forces greatly outnumbered Greek forces. A decisive victory amongst the Greeks (Alexander the Great) against the Persians (Darius III) |
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What is the Panathenaia? |
A religious festival in Athens where citizens sacrificed 100 oxen and gave offerings to the goddess Athena |
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What was Piraeus? |
A port at Athens |
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What is the name of the land that encompasses Athens? |
Attica |
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What was the Athenian military strength? What was the Spartan military strength? |
ATHENS - Navy SPARTA - Infantry |
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What was the Delian League? How did it dissolve? What city-state was not in it? |
(478 BCE) An alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens to fight Persian after Persia's Second Invasion of Greece
Sparta did not join the Delian League
The League dissolved after Athens defeat in the Peloponnesian War.
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What was the other name for the Delian League? |
The Athenian Empire |
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What was the Golden Age of Athens? What formed during this age? |
A period of Athenian political hegemony, economic growth and cultural flourishing The Delian League was formed during this period |
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Why was Greece often separated into separate ciry-states? Why were they often at war? |
The surrounding mountains acted as natural partitions Very few natural resources and no major rivers. Only a few of the minor rivers would flow all year round |
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Where is Knossos located? |
The island Crete |
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Who wrote the tradegy of Oedipus (play is "Oedipus Rex") |
Sophocles |
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Who was the leader of Athens during the Battle of Marathon? |
Miltiades |
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Who was the tutor of Alexander the Great |
Aristotle |
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Who was Oceanus? |
Titan of the sea |
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Who was Rhea? |
Wife of Cronos (Titan) |
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Who was Hyperion? |
Crono's brother (Titan) |
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Who was Hades? |
God of the Underworld |
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Who was Poseidon? |
God of the sea |
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Who was Uranus? |
God of the sky and heavens |
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Who was Gaia? Who was her husband? |
Mother Earth Wife of Uranus |
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Who was Atlas |
The God that holds up the sky |
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Who was Theseus' father? How did he die? |
Aegeus Died by jumping into the water and killing himself once he saw black sails from Theseus' return (told him to return with white sails) |
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Who was Zeus? Who was his father? |
God of thunder and king of the gods
FATHER: Cronus |
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What were the Gerousia? Who created it? |
Spartan council of men over the age of sixty. Created by Lycurgus |
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Who was the mythical king of Thebes? |
Oedipus |
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Who was Agamemnon? (mythology) |
Brothers with king Menelaus (king of Sparta). Fought in the Trojan war |
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Who was the goddess of love? |
Aphrodite |
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Who was Hera? Who was she married to? |
Goddess of marriage and the family Wife of Zeus and queen of the ancient Greek gods |
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Who was Hestia? |
Virgin goddess of the hearth and family |
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What was the phalanx? |
A Greek military formation where everyone is armed with shield ands spears. They are packed tightly together |
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What Greek philosopher wrote on Sparta? |
Xenophon |
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Who recorded the entirety of the Persian wars? |
Herodotus |
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Who ran from Athens to Sparta (150 miles) in 2 days to fetch support for Athens for Marathon? |
Pheidippides |
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What percentage of citizens in Athens could vote, what percentage couldn't? Why? |
COULD = 10% - male / over 18 COULD NOT = 90% - metics / slaves / women / children |
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Who gave a classic funeral speech at the end of the first year of the Peloponnesian War? |
Pericles |
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Who ruled Athens during the Golden Age and rebuilt the acropolis by establishing the Partheneon? |
Pericles |
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Who was the father of Androgeus and Ariadre? |
Minos |
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Who established the Lyceum (another school for aspiring your philosphers)? |
Aristotle |
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Who added a fifth element to the basic model proposed by Empedocles? What was the element? |
Aristotle Aether -> element which made up the metaphysical, spirtual world |
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What Greek physicist taught that the world was explainable by reference to natural physical laws father than the actions of deities |
Epicurus |
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What Greek philosopher was really into geometry? |
Euclid |
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What Greek philosopher wrote the Republic? |
Plato |
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Who gave the famous quote, "An unexamined life is not worth living"? |
Socrates |
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What is a vital ideal of humanism? |
Humans have to power to improve themselves and their world, through many means, education and trade among them |
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What is the Socratic method? |
Problems can be broken down into a series of questions - eliminate answers which leads to contradictions and solutions follow |
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What 2 Greek philosphers hated democracy? Why did they hate it? |
Socrates
What possible "reason" could be ascribed to selecting people to political office by lottery - political structures should be based on ideals Plato Triumph over persuasion over reason |
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Who established a formal school of philosophy called the Academy? |
Plato |
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Who was Demeter? |
Goddess of harvest, corn and grain |
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What is a philospher? |
One who can understand reality |
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Who came up with that thing about the cave and prisoners viewing shadows? |
Plato |
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Name the important events in Greek history in chronological order from oldest to newest |
Destruction of Knossos Age of Colonizaton (The Dark Age) First Olympic Games Marathon Themoplyae Salamis Peloponnesian War Death of Socrates |
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What is a poleis? |
Greek city-state |
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What was the bronze age civilization that lived on Crete? |
The Minoans |
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What was believed to be a myth until discovered on Crete? |
Palace at Knossos |
