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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Themistocles
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Athenian general and politician. Ostracized because they thought he was becoming too powerful. Athens later thought he was working with Persia and sentenced him to death but he escaped
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Thucydides Pentekontaetia
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50 year period between the end of the Persian Wars (479 BC) and start of the Peloponnesian War (433 BC)
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Pausanias
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Spartan general who helped capture the city of Byzantium. Accused of conspiring with the Persians
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Delian League
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Alliance of Greek city-states against Persia. Morphed into the Athenian Empire that opposed the Spartan allies in the Peloponnesian War
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Cimon
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Athenian statesman and political figure. Led athenians in battle of Eurymedon and won
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3rd Messenian War
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A helot revolutionary war that began after the massive earthquake of 464 BC which caused great losses among the Spartans. Spartans ended up negotiating w/ helots and let those in Ithome leave
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Amphipolis
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Colony attacked by Sparta during the early part of the Peloponnesian War. The Peace of Nikias required the Spartans to return this city to the Athenians, but Amphipolis did not want to return -- a major obstacle to the peace
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Areopagus Council
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functioned as the high Court of Appeal for criminal and civil cases in Athens
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Ephialtes
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Athenian politician and early leader of the democratic movement. Lead attack on on the Areopagus Council. Proposed and had passed radical reforms
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Pericles
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most popular Athenian leader of 461 BC. Began pericles building program.
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First Peloponnesian War
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War between Delian League and the Peloponnesian alliance. caused by Athens alliance w/ Argos and Megara. Ended in a truce
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long walls
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Walls built form Athens to it's ports, Piraeus. Turns Athens into "island." provides protection and secure connection to the sea
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Athenian Tribute Lists
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Record of who from Delian League gave money to the goddess Athena and how much. Shows wealth of that time.
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Pericles’ citizenship law
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Law passed by Pericles - citizenship of athens only granted to those w/ an Athenian mother and father
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Aspasia
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From Miletus and was Pericles lover.
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Parthenon
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A temple to Athena on the Acropolis. Construction began as a result of Pericles’ building program. Financed from treasury of the Delian League - caused great resentment among many of Athens' allies.
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Pericles’ building program
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A program led by Pericles. Employed a large number of construction workers and laborers. Built structures such as Parthenon.
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Thucydides son of Milesias
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Athenian politician and chief rival of Pericles. Confronted Pericles for his building plan but lost debate and was ostracized.
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Corcyra
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Known for their strong naval power. Corinth was upset about Athens allying with Corcyra. One of the events leading to the Peloponnesian War.
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Megarian Decree/s
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Athenian policy to block merchants from Megara from the Athenian markets
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Archidamian War
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First phase of the Peloponnesian War caused by upsetting Magara and Corinth. Sparta led by Archidamos and Athen led by Pericles. The Spartans ravaged farmland in Attica while the Athenians conducted coastal raids on Peloponnese.
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Archidamus
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Leader of the Spartans during the Archidamian War where he invaded Attica for the first time.
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Pericles’ Funeral Oration
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Famous speech given by Pericles after first battles of the Peloponnesian war. Part of public funeral in honor of all those who had died in war.
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Plague in Athens
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Epidemic that weakens Athens. Disappearance of social morals during this time.
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Mytilenean Debate
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Debate between Cleon and Diodotus on the fate of the Mytileneans. Cleon felt men should be killed & women/kids made slave. Diodotus thought that they should kill only the ring leaders. 1st decision = Cleons, 2nd = Diodotus
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Cleon
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Political figure in Athens. Power grows after death of Pericles. Favors death for all Mytileneans.
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stasis (civil strife) at Corcyra
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Civil war between those who want democracy vs oligarchy. One of the fundamental conflicts that brought Athens and Sparta to the threshold of all out war.
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Nicias
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Athenian politician and general during Peloponnesian War. Principal rival of Cleon after Pericles death. Resigns command to Cleon after challenges his ability to capture the spartans.
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Sphacteria
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Island where battle between Sparta and Athens took place. Athenians strand Spartans on island and eventually capture them.
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Brasidas
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Spartan commander during first part of Peloponnesian war. Important in causing revolts from Athenian empire in Thrace and at the battle of Amphipolis. Died at amphipolis, after victory.
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Peace of Nicias
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Peace treaty signed between Athens and Sparta - ends Archidamian War. (lasts 7/8 years)
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Alcibiades
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Athenian general. Changed political allegiance on several occasions during Peloponnesian War. Undermines peace & orchestrates anti-Spartan “Quadruple Alliance”
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Melian Dialogue
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Melos (colony of Athens) wants to be neutral in war between Athens and Sparta, Athens denies them neutrality. Melos refuses to surrender, Athens kills all men and enslave women and children
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Sicilian Expedition
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Athenian expedition to Sicily - Alcibiades plan to cut off Sparta's food supply. Athens lost battle but chose to stay due to "sign". Worst military disaster in Athen's history. Nicias and Demosthenes killed.
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Decelea
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Alcibiades is supposed to return to Athens for trial, flees to Sparta. Tells Sparta that they should fortify a base in Attica at Decelea so that they can harass Attica year-round
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Ionian or Decelean War
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Sparta declares war against athens and occupies Decelea. Said to be the last phase of the Peloponnesian War.
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oligarchic coup at Athens
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A revolutionary coup led by Antiphon that replaced Athenian democracy with an oligarchy of 400. Oligarchy doesn’t last long.
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Battle of Cyzicus
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Alcibiades brought back to Athens and leads battle of Cyzicus. Athens wins battle between Sparta and controls sea again.
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Lysander
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Spartan admiral - largely responsible for bringing an end to the Peloponnesian War by starving the Athenians into submission
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Battle of Notium
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Alcibiades left subordinate in charge of fleet and told him not to fight. Spartan general initiates attack w/ athenian fleet and wins.
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Battle of Arginusai
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naval battle btwn athens and sparta, Athenians won & Athenian generals decide to leave the battle site to rush to aid Mytilene. Leave surviving sailors to drown - Caused outrage in Athens, and generals place on trial
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Battle of Aigospotami
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naval victory of Sparta over Athens, final battle of the Peloponnesian War. Athenian commander Conon flees to Cyprus. Captured Athenians executed. Athens surrenders shortly after.
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The Thirty Tyrants
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After Athenian defeat, democracy was replaced w/ the oligarchic rule of the Thirty Tyrants led by Critias. Severely reduced the rights of athenian citizens.
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sophists
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group of teachers and philosophers who were considered thinkers and clever debating tricks
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Socrates
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Philosopher. He taught that education was the key to personal growth. Encouraged Greeks to question themselves and their moral character.
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nomos and physis
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Greek law and order and rationalism VS. nature
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rhetoric
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Greek students were trained to develop tactics of persuasion through speech
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Gorgias of Leontini
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Greek philosopher and sophist. Made important contributions to rhetorical theory and practice
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tragedy and comedy
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Art began to show people's joys and emotions thru drama (plays), comedies made fun of politics, people, and ideas of the time
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Old Oligarch
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pseudo-Xenophon
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478 B.C.
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Hellenic League counterattacks Persia; Pausanias captures Byzantium... Rejection of Spartan command; foundation of the Delian League
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431 B.C.
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Peloponnesian War begins w/ Archidamian War... Theban night attack on Plataea... Archidamus invades Attica for the first time
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421 B.C.
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Peace of Nicias: end of Archidamian War (lasts 7/8 years)... Diplomatic maneuvering involving Argos begins
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415 B.C.
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Mutilation of the Herms on eve of Sicilian Expedition & recall of Alcibiades from the expedition and his defection to Sparta
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413 B.C.
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Athenians fail at Sicilian Expedition w/ devastating losses... Sparta invades Decelea & Ionian war begins
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404 B.C.
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final defeat of Athens by Lysander and King Pausanias; fleet surrendered and Walls destroyed... Beginning of reign of the Thirty led by Critias
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Mutilation of the Herms
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Occurred just before Athenians fleet (led by Alcibiades) to Sicily. They accuse Alcibiades of the crime and recall him from Sicilian Expedition.
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