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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Surplus
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an extra amount; more than is needed
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Environment
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all the living and non-living things in a person's surroundings
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Domesticate
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to train or adapt an animal or plant to live in a human environment, making it more useful to humans
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Agriculture
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the science, art, and business of raising animals and plants to supply food for humans;farming
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Shrine
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a place where people worship, usually containing a sacred object or statue
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Self Sufficient
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able to provide for oneself without the help of others
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Irrigation
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the act of supplying dry lands with water by means of canals, ditches, pipes, and streams
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Famine
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a widespread shortage of food that threatens death from starvation
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Civilization
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a complex society with a stable food supply, specialization of labor, a government, and a highly developed culture
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Obsidian
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black glass made from volcanic ash
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Catal Huyuk
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*large settlement of 5,000-6,000 people
*had many broken bones from falling off ladders *were self-sufficient *buried dead in their homes *lived in mud houses built one on top of the other *people walked across rooftops and up and down ladders to get from one place to another |
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Umm Dabaghiyah
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*small village with fewer than 10 houses
*did little farming because crops didn't grow well *hunted onager-a donkey-like animal *settlement contained long buildings with many small storage rooms *hunting and trading outpost |
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How to build a civilization
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1. hunter gatherers
2. settle down in one place 3. plant seeds 4. domesticate animals 5. produce surplus food 6. develop individual talents 7. establish monuments and governments 8. keep records and write history |
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Advantages and Disadvantages of farming
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Advantages:
1. farmers/herders could raise more food than hunter/gatherers could collect 2. farmers/herders could support more people on small plots of land 3. farmers/herders could move to areas where there was not a lot of wild food or game if the soil was fertile 4. farmers/herders could produce a surplus Disadvantages: 1. insects could destroy their crops 2. bad weather could bring to much or to little rain or sun 3. plants and animals could be affected by disease 4. food surplus could be wiped out in only a few days |
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Younger/Dryas Event
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* 12,000-11,000 B.C.
* the second ice age * Natufians lived during this time |
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Characteristics of a civilization
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1. stable food supply
2. system of government 3. specialization of labor 4. social levels 5. highly developed culture * art, religion, music, law, systems of writing, architecture |
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Importance of trade
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1. people able to trade with others for items they needed
2. exposed people to other cultures and materials 3. inspired new inventions and crafts |
