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70 Cards in this Set

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Ambrose of Milan

4th, Bishop of Milan, helped lead Augustine to faith, doctor of the church

Augustine of Hippo
4th to 5th, Bishop of Hippo, doctor of the church. Wrote City of God and Confessions, most influential person of western church
Jerome
4th to 5th, doctor of the church. Responsible for Latin Vulgate, translation of bible into Latin
Gregory the Great
6th to 7th, pope, known as “the father of Christian worship”, said to be last great pope in Calvin’s institutes.
Benedict of Nursia
5th to 6th, founded twelve communities of monks in Italy, known for “Rule of Saint Benedict” precepts for monks.
The Venerable Bede
7th to 8th, Known as "Father of English History" due to his book The Ecclesiastical History of the English People.
Pippen the Short
8th, king of franks, first Carolingian king, younger son of Charles Martel
Charlemagne
8th and 9th, commissioned General Admonition, Carolingian King, “Father of Europe”, son of Pippen the Short
Paschasius Radbertus
8th and 9th, Carolingian theologian, wrote “On the body of the Lord” and the Abbot of Corbie.
Ratramnus of Corbie
9th, Frankish monk of the monastery of Corbie, was a Carolingian theologian known best for his writings on the Eucharist and predestination.
Gottschalk of Orbais
9th, monk, defended an extreme form of double predestination
John Scotus Eriugena
9th, Considered the one outstanding original thinker of the 9th century in the west. Wrote De Divisione Naturae
Benedict of Aniane
8th to 9th, called “The Second Benedict”, benedictine monk and monastic reformer
Gregory VII
11th, Pope. Known for Investiture Controversy, reformed papal election process.
Innocent III
12th to 13th, considered most powerful pope; Annulled the Magna Carta and known for Lateran Council
Francis of Assisi
12th to 13th, Italian Catholic friar, founded Order of Friars Minor, wrote 'Regula Prima' first rule to gain papal approval
Urban II
11th, pope from 1088. Initiated the First Crusade.
Bonaventure
13th, Cardinal Bishop of Albano. Wrote on the eucharist.
Thomas Aquinas
13th, known for Summa Theologica. Dominican Friar and Theologian, proponent of Natural Theology
Jan Hus
14th to 15th, czech priest, considered first church reformer, burned at the stake by Catholic Church
John Wycliffe
14th, English theologian, maintained that scripture was the sole criteria of doctrine and that the authority of the Pope was ill-founded in Scripture.
Robert Grosseteste
12th to 13th, bishop of Lincoln, wrote theological work such as De Decem Mandatis
Patrick, Saint
5th, 'Apostle to the Irish'
Boniface, Saint
7th to 8th. ‘Apostle of Germany', the reformer of the Frankish church, and the chief fomenter of the alliance between the papacy and the Carolingian family
Boniface of Savoy
13th- Archbishop of Canterbury
Boniface VIII
13th to 14th, As Pope declared that Kings were subordinate to the Pope.
Alexander of Halles
12th to 13th, considered the founder of the Franciscan school of theology. Worked on 'The Four Master'
Theresa of Avilla
16th,Founded convent of St. Joseph. Wrote 'The Way of Perfection'
Catherine of Sienna
14th, Persuaded Gregory XI to transfer papacy from Avignon back to Rome
Bridget of Sweden
14th, Founder of Bridgettine Order. Campaigned in Rome for reform of the church
Isidore of Seville
6th and 7th, Bishop of Seville. Presided over the Council of Seville and fourth council of Toledo
Bernard of Clairvaux
11th to 12th, French abbot and the primary builder of the reforming Cistercian order
Hildegard of Bingen
11th to 12th, Abbess of Rupertsberg
Transubstantiation (inventio)
mid 12th, in Paris University system, did not appear until/after Lateran IV
John Duns Scotus
13th to 14th, metaphysician
Peter Waldo
12th to 13th, credited as the founder of the Waldensians, a Christian spiritual movement of the Middle Ages
Peter Lombard
12th, 'Master of the Sentences', insisted on seven sacraments
Peter Abelard
11th to 12th, Medieval French scholastic philosopher, theologian, preeminent logician, and composer
Peter Damian
11th, Cardinal Bishop of Ostia, called for reforms of clerical communities to live 'apostolic life' without possessions
Peter Martyr Vermigli
15th to 16th, Italian theologian of the Reformation period who converted from Roman Catholicism to Protestantism. He was a very influential figure in the early development of Reformed theology and in the English Reformation
Anselm of Canterbury
11th to 12th, Archbishop of Canterbury, Benedictine monk, Founder of Scholasticism. Wrote many theological works including Cur Deus Homo (Why the God-Man?)
Thomas Becket
12th, Archbishop of Canterbury, assassinated in Canterbury cathedral
Alcuin of York
8th to 9th, member of Charlemagne's court. Abbot of St Martin's at Tours, supervised several bibles in 'Caroline minuscule'. Major contributed to Carolingian Renaissance.
John Calvin
16th, influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism.
Martin Luther
15th and 16th, Nailed Ninety-Five Theses in 1517, professor of theology and primary figure of the Protestant Reformation.
Martin Bucer
15th and 16th, Protestant reformer
Thomas Cranmer
15th and 16th, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1533, annulled Henry VIII's marriages, later burned at stake as heretic
Louis IX
13th, King of France
Clovis
5th to 6th, king of Franks, converted and baptized in 496, united all Frankish tribes under one rule.
The Seven Sacraments (first articulation)
13th century, Peter Lombard, Book of Four Sentences.
Death of Mohammed
June 8, 632 AD, Establishment of Islam as the dominant religion in Arabia
Battle of Tours
731, Charles Martel victory over the Umayyad Caliphate
Coronation of Charlemagne
25 Dec, 800, had the effect of setting up two separate, and often opposing, Empires (East and West)
Battle of Hastings
1066, part of the Norman conquest of England
Great East-West Schism
1054, division of Christianity into Eastern and Western Church. Prominent issues were the source of the Holy Spirit (Filioque), leaven or unleavened bread in Eucharist, Whether pope had claim to universal jurisdiction, and Constantinople’s place in the Pentarchy.
Fourth Lateran Council
1215, convened by Innocent III, called 'the Great Council' for the size of attendees, presented 71 decrees, organized the 5th crusade
Magna Carta
1215, attempt to issue peace between King John and rebel barons
Great Western Schism (dates)
1378-1418, several men claimed to be the true pope. Ended at Council of Constance with the election of Martin V. The others resigned or were declared antipope
Council of Constance
1414-1418, ended the three pope controversy of the Western Schism, elected Martin V.
Nailing of the 95 Theses
1517, Martin Luther, generally regarded as the initiator of the Protestant Reformation. Protests against clerical abuses ( nepotism, usury, simony, pluralism, sale of indulgences). Posted on door of church in Wittenberg
Council of Trent
1545-1563, described as the embodiment of the counter-reformation
City of God
Augustine, written early 5th century, cornerstone of Western thought, expounding on many profound questions of theology, such as the suffering of the righteous, the existence of evil, the conflict between free will and divine omniscience, and the doctrine of original sin.
Pastoral Rule
St. Gregory the Great, Written around 590, treatise on the responsibilities of the clergy and their personal, intellectual and moral standards to be followed
Koran
643-56 (recession of Caliph Uthman), Mohammed, meaning 'recitation', sacred book of Islam, Mohammed said revelation from Gabriel. Short passages revealed at intervals of his life, made up of 114 suras (sections) of decreasing size.
Ecclesiastical History of the English People
Bede, 7th 8th helped English to understand their narrative in the context of God’s redemptive history
General Admonition
Charlemagne, 789, outlined education and ecclesiological reforms in the Frankish kingdom
Why the God Man
11/12th, The Satisfaction theory of the atonement was formulated by Anselm of Canterbury in his book, Cur Deus Homo.
The Four Books of the Sentences
(1148-1151, 12th cent)) written by Peter Lombard a collection of teachings of the Church Fathers and opinions of medieval masters
Commentary on the Four Books of the Sentences
Bonaventure (1252-1256, 13th cent) wrote the commentary on Peter Lombard's Sentences.
Institutes of the Christian Religion

1536 (Latin) 1559 expanded, John Calvin, dedicated to Francis I, king of France, defense of reformation principles and plea for religious tolerance. Most important theological text of the Reformation.