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60 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

The great Roman scholar Boethius discussed music in his influential treatise entitled

De institutione musica

The Hebrews gave us these foundations for Western music:

performance practice & the liturgical calendar

The basis of practical Greek music theory was the

tetrachord

The doctrine of ethos dealt with music's

ability to influence character and morals

In a(n) _________________ performance, sections of a musical work are sung by two groups of singers in alternation.

antiphonal

The regional style of chant developed in Milano centered at Santa Ambroggio basilica is called

Ambrosian

When a musical performance is divided between sections sung by a soloist and sections sung by a group, the performance is called

responsorial

The early Christians rejected the use of instruments in worship. Why was this so?

Instruments were associated with pagan worship

The parts of a Mass for which the words are always the same are classified as

Ordinary

The prescribed order for the conduct of worship is called the

liturgy

In the plainchant style, how are the most important words highlighted?

With more notes

A ________________ may be defined simply as the addition of words or music or both to an existing chant.

trope

_________________ advocated the standardization and codification of the Roman chants circa 660 A.D.

Pope Gregory I

The _______________ contains the most frequently used chants (texts and music) for both the Mass and Offices.

Liber Usualis

The Alleluia concludes with a textless melismatic coda known as the

jubilus

The singing of several notes per syllable of text is identified as _______________ chant.

melismatic

The Mass for the Dead is known as the _____________ Mass.

Requiem

The first person who seemed to recognize the value of using a staff notation to designate definite pitches was

Guido d'Arezzo

Which of the following Sequences is sung as part of the Requiem Mass?

Dies Irae

This was the only accidental note used in chant.

Bb

The historical roots of the liturgical dramas are found in dialogue tropes around the theme of

Easter

Today's praise choruses actually began with processional songs sung by the flagellants during the plague which were called

laude

Each of the voice parts in polyphony of the early Middle Ages was written to be consonant with

the tenor but not necessarily with each other

The technique of creating two voice parts from one melodic line using rests is known as...

hocket

This polyphonic song form set a rhyming Latin text in a strophic setting and is similar to modern part hymns with each voice part singing a similar rhythm.

Conductus

One of the most significant contributions made by the Notre Dame School of Composers was the introduction of _________________ in church music.

rhythm and change in texture

These were the hired musicians who performed the music of the troubadours.

Minstrels and Jongleurs

The terms Ars Antiqua and Ars Nova were described in a musical treatise by this theoretician in the early 14th century.

Philippe de Vitry

The two earliest steps in the development of polyphony in the West were manipulating chants in new, creative ways. These early steps were

drone and round

Solmization (solfege singing) was invented by this teacher in a monastic music school for boys in Italy:

Guido d'Arezzo

The troubadour tradition and chivalry began in Poitiers with Duke William IX. Who was responsible for introducing these traditions to Britain and Germany?

Eleanor of Aquitaine

The troubadours wrote poetry based on classical traditions. What were the musical forms called as a group?

Formes Fixe

Who is considered the greatest composer in Paris during the 14th century, and was called "the last trouvere"?

Guillame de Machaut

Who is the best known composer of the Italian trecento?

Francesco Landini

In music composed in the school of Notre Dame, composers indicated rhythms according to

rhythmic modes

Isorhythm as used in compositions of the Ars Nova style involves the repetition of the same rhythm and melody throughout the piece. These two elements are called

talea & color

One interesting aspect of organa (singular of organum) is that these little pieces are the first to include this type of variety in music.

change in texture

This charming musical form includes two voices that chase each other and are usually hunting songs.

caccia

In practice, Medieval music

has doubled voice parts with instruments and added percussion instruments on occasion.

When did the Italian madrigal as a form begin?

During the Trecendo

These troubadour songs consistently used the theme of a shepherdess in nature being wooed by a knight.

Pastourelle

The knight-poet-musicians in Germany were called

minnesingers

By the time we get to the Gothic era, polyphonic part songs became popular in France that featured a different text in each voice part. These pieces are called

motets

The most popular Medieval dance forms were the

estampie and carole

The terminology Organum Triplum indicates a piece

with three parts

In secular songs of the Middle Ages, one group celebrated deeds of heroism. These songs were known as

Chanson de Geste

In the Ars Antiqua practice, perfect rhythmic modes were organized in this meter.

triple

In the Ars Nova practice, imperfect rhythmic modes were organized in this meter.

duple

The first composer known by name who wrote the first full liturgical play, expanded the range of notes in a piece of chant, modulated from one mode to another, and added drone to chant melodies, introducing harmony to music. This person is

Hildegard of Bingen

A medieval device used by Post-Modern composers in which notes are exchanged between two parts is known as

stimmtausch

All voice parts basically move together on the same syllable at the same time even though they sing their own part using a strophic text.

Conductus

A chant melody, called the tenor, is on the bottom, sung or played in long notes, creating a drone effect, while two or more parts over the top have their own melodies. The top parts move along in bouncy, rhythmic modes.

Notre Dame organum

A three-part polyphonic song that has a tenor on the bottom and two parts over the top. The voice parts may each have their own poem, even in differing languages.

Motet

A two or three part song in which the parts enter at different times "chasing" each other.

Caccia

Hildegard of Bingen

Ordo Virtutum

Guillame de Machaut

Notre Dame Mass

Leonin

Viderun Omnes (organum duplum)

Jacopo de Bologna

Fenice fu

Philippe de Vitry

Roman de Fauvel

Francesco Landini's works are found in the

Squarcialupi Codex