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229 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality is (define)
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the sum total of all emotional,
cognitive & behavioral attributes of an individual Personality is organized early in life and is dynamic and deeply ingrained; however IT CAN BE ALTERED |
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Personality involves an enduring pattern of
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perceiving
relating to & thinking about the environment & oneself that are exhibited in a wide array of social and personal contexts |
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When healthy personality structures allow for
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realistic
happy satisfying self-perceptions interpersonal interactions |
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Personality is organized when
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early in life and is dynamic and deeply ingrained; however IT CAN BE ALTERED
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Patters of behavior based on personality can be perceived by the individual as comfortable ________ or uncomfortable ______
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comfortable; ego-syntonic
uncomfortable; ego-dystonic |
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Ego-syntonic
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Behavior consistent with personality
causes little concern to the individual person generally fails to recognize the problem person does not seek tx |
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person generally fails to recognize the problem
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Ego-syntonic perception of patterns of behavior based on personality
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person does not seek tx
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Ego-syntonic perception of patterns of behavior based on personality
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causes little concern to the individual
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Ego-syntonic perception of patterns of behavior based on personality
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Behavior consistent with personality
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Ego-syntonic perception of patterns of behavior based on personality
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Person often seeks tx
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Ego-dystonic perception of patterns of behavior based on personality
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characteristics of Ego-dystonic perception of patterns of behavior based on personality
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behavior inconsistent with personality
causes discomfort and concern to the individual person generally recognizes problem Person often seeks tx |
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person generally recognizes problem
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Ego-dystonic perception of patterns of behavior based on personality
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causes discomfort and concern to the individual
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Ego-dystonic perception of patterns of behavior based on personality
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behavior inconsistent with personality
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Ego-dystonic perception of patterns of behavior based on personality
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Personality d/o manifest as maladaptive patterns in what 4 areas of functionality
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1) maladaptive AFFECTIVE TRAITS
2) maladaptive BEHAVIORAL TRAITS 3) maladaptive COGNITIVE TRAITS 4) maladaptive SOCIAL TRAITS |
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Maladaptive social traits
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One of the 4 areas of functionality in which Personality d/o manifest as maladaptive patterns
other areas of functionality 1) social 2) affective 3) cognitive 4) behavioral |
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Maladaptive behavioral traits
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One of the 4 areas of functionality in which Personality d/o manifest as maladaptive patterns
other areas of functionality 1) social 2) affective 3) cognitive 4) behavioral |
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Maladaptive cognitive traits
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One of the 4 areas of functionality in which Personality d/o manifest as maladaptive patterns
other areas of functionality 1) social 2) affective 3) cognitive 4) behavioral |
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Maladaptive affective traits
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One of the 4 areas of functionality in which Personality d/o manifest as maladaptive patterns
other areas of functionality 1) social 2) affective 3) cognitive 4) behavioral |
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Social, behavioral, cognitive, affective
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4 areas of functionality in which Personality d/o manifest as maladaptive patterns
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e.g of maladaptive affective traits
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such as...
overly affectual patterns of response |
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e.g of maladaptive cognitive traits
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such as....
unrealistic perceptual patterns of response |
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e.g of maladaptive social traits
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such as....
maladaptive unsatisfying interpersonal patterns of response |
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e.g of maladaptive behavioral traits
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such as....
poor impulse control patterns of response |
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poor impulse control patterns of response
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e.g of maladaptive behavioral traits
One of the 4 areas of functionality in which Personality d/o manifest as maladaptive patterns |
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maladaptive unsatisfying interpersonal patterns of response
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e.g of maladaptive social traits
One of the 4 areas of functionality in which Personality d/o manifest as maladaptive patterns |
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unrealistic perceptual patterns of response
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e.g of maladaptive cognitive traits
One of the 4 areas of functionality in which Personality d/o manifest as maladaptive patterns |
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overly affectual patterns of response
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e.g of maladaptive affective traits
One of the 4 areas of functionality in which Personality d/o manifest as maladaptive patterns |
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Personality d/o are (general description)
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chronically maladaptive patterns of behaviors that cause functional impairment in work school or relationships
manifest in 4 areas of maladaptive functionality 1) social 2) cognitive 3) behavioral 4) affective |
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PD can cause ______ distress
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Personality d/o can cause SUBJECTIVE distress
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An individual is unlikely to recognize the problem and seek help in maladaptive patterns of behavior are....
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ego-syntonic
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An individual is more likely to recognize the problem and seek help in maladaptive patterns of behavior are....
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ego-dystonic
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In PD the maladaptive patterns are ____ & ______ across most personal and social situations
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In PD the maladaptive patterns are INFLEXIBLE & PERVASIVE across most personal and social situations
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PD are coded on what axis
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Axis II
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Clients seldom fit neatly into one personality d/o dx; rather
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they often exhibit features of several similar d/o
for this reason PDs are often referred to by the category of commonly manifesting sx clusters (A, B, or C |
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Why are PDs often referred to by the category of commonly manifesting sx clusters
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Because.....
Clients seldom fit neatly into one personality d/o dx; rather they often exhibit features of several similar d/o |
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Cluster A PD characteristic behavior
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Odd
Unusual Eccentric Asocial |
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Unusual is a PD characteristic behavior of Cluster ___
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A
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Asocial is a PD characteristic behavior of Cluster ___
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A
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Odd is a PD characteristic behavior of Cluster ___
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A
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Eccentric is a PD characteristic behavior of Cluster ___
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A
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Dramatic is a PD characteristic behavior of Cluster ___
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B
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Affective is a PD characteristic behavior of Cluster ___
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B
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Instability is a PD characteristic behavior of Cluster ___
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B
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Anxious is a PD characteristic behavior of Cluster ___
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C
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Cluster B PD characteristic behavior
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Dramatic
Affective Instability |
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Dramatic
Affective Instability |
Cluster B PD characteristic behavior
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Cluster C PD characteristic behavior
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Anxious
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Anxious
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Cluster C PD characteristic behavior
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Personality d/o in Cluster A
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Paranoid PD
Schizoid PD Schizotypal PD |
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Personality d/o in Cluster B
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Antisocial PD
Borderline PD Histrionic PD Narcissistic PD |
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Personality d/o in Cluster C
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Avoidant PD
Dependent PD Obsessive-compulsive PD |
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Paranoid PD
Schizoid PD Schizotypal PD |
Personality d/o in Cluster A
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Antisocial PD
Borderline PD Histrionic PD Narcissistic PD |
Personality d/o in Cluster B
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Avoidant PD
Dependent PD Obsessive-compulsive PD |
Personality d/o in Cluster C
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Avoidant PD is in Cluster ___
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C
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Dependent PD is in Cluster ___
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C
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Obsessive-compulsive PD is in Cluster ___
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C
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Narcissistic PD is in Cluster ___
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B
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Histrionic PD is in Cluster ___
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B
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Borderline PD is in Cluster ___
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B
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Antisocial PD is in Cluster ___
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B
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Paranoid PD is in Cluster ___
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A
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Schizotypal PD is in Cluster ___
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A
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Schizoid PD is in Cluster ___
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A
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Schizoid PD
Schizotypal PD & ______ are cluster A |
Paranoid PD
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Schizoid PD
Paranoid PD & _____ are cluster A |
Schizotypal PD
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Paranoid PD
Schizotypal PD and _____ are cluster A |
Schizoid PD
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Avoidant PD
Dependent PD and _____ are Cluster C |
Obsessive-compulsive PD
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Avoidant PD
Obsessive-compulsive PD and _____ are Cluster C |
Dependent PD
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Obsessive-compulsive
Dependent and _____ are Cluster C |
Avoidant PD
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Antisocial PD
Borderline PD Histrionic PD and _____ are Cluster B |
Narcissistic PD
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Antisocial PD
Histrionic PD Narcissistic PD and _____ are Cluster B |
Borderline PD
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Histrionic PD
Narcissistic PD Antisocial PD and _____ are Cluster B |
Borderline PD
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Borderline PD
Narcissistic PD Histrionic PD and _____ are Cluster B |
Antisocial PD
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Narcissistic PD
Borderline PD Antisocial PD and _____ are Cluster B |
Histrionic PD
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PD have a probable _____ etiological profile
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PD have a probable MULTIFACTORIAL etiological profile
1) Psychodynamic theory *early separation problems * disturbed parental interaction 2) Biological theory *Genetic *structural abnormalities *NT dysfunction *Neurobiological impact of trauma |
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Most well researched PD?
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Borderline
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2 main theories of PD etiology
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Psychodynamic
Biological Probably multifactorial profile 1) Psychodynamic theory *early separation problems * disturbed parental interaction 2) Biological theory *Genetic *structural abnormalities *NT dysfunction *Neurobiological impact of trauma |
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Psychodynamic theory of PD etiology (primarily borderline) is base on what 2 etiological factors:
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Early separation problems
& Disturbed parental interaction |
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Early separation problems is in what theory of PD etiology
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Psychodynamic theory of PD etiology (primarily borderline) is based on 2 etiological factors:
1) Early separation problems 2) Disturbed parental interaction |
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Object relations theory is part of what theory of etiology of PD
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Etiology of PD
1)Psychodynamic theory A) early separation problems a) Object relations theory *separation -individuation B) disturbed parental interactions 2) Biological |
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Biological theory of etiology of PD has 4 subsections
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1) genetics
2) structural abnormalities 3) NT dysfunction 4) Neurobiological impact of trauma |
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Neurobioligcal impact of trauma
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One of the 4 subsections of the Biological theory of etiology of PD
*Assumes early childhood trauma alters basic brain patterns of response *In genetically susceptible individuals, may fxn as the environmental vulnerability that causes expression of genetic load *most studies in borderline PD |
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In genetically susceptible individuals, may fxn as the environmental vulnerability that causes expression of genetic load
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Neurobiological impact of trauma
(One of the 4 subsections of the Biological theory of etiology of PD) |
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Assumes early childhood trauma alters basic brain patterns of response
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Neurobiological impact of trauma
(One of the 4 subsections of the Biological theory of etiology of PD) |
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Genetic factors
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*Familial tendency
*Genetic overlap between loading for some Axis I disorders and PD (One of the 4 subsections of the Biological theory of etiology of PD) |
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Familial tendency
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Genetic Factor
(One of the 4 subsections of the Biological theory of etiology of PD) |
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Genetic overlap between loading for some Axis I disorders and PD
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Genetic Factor
(One of the 4 subsections of the Biological theory of etiology of PD) |
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Structural abnormalities
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Reduced gray matter volume in prefrontal cortex
Limbic system deregulation (One of the 4 subsections of the Biological theory of etiology of PD) |
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Reduced gray matter volume in prefrontal cortex
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Structural abnormalities
(One of the 4 subsections of the Biological theory of etiology of PD) |
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limbic system deregulation
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Under Structural abnormalities
(One of the 4 subsections of the Biological theory of etiology of PD) |
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Neurotransmitter dysfunction
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Decreased levels of 5HT
Elevated levels of NE Dysregulation of DA receptors (One of the 4 subsections of the Biological theory of etiology of PD) |
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Decreased levels of 5HT
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Neurotransmitter dysfunction
(One of the 4 subsections of the Biological theory of etiology of PD) |
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Elevated levels of NE
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Neurotransmitter dysfunction
(One of the 4 subsections of the Biological theory of etiology of PD) |
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Dysregulation of DA receptors
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Neurotransmitter dysfunction
(One of the 4 subsections of the Biological theory of etiology of PD) |
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Risk factors for PD
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Genetic loading
Dysfuntional family of origin |
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4 stages to process of separation-individuation
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(Mahler)
1. differentiation 2. Practicing 3. Repprochement 4. object constancy |
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Object relations theory
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Sub set of the Psychodynamic theory under early separation problems as an etiology for PD
Internalized intrapsychic experiences of interpersonal relationships Mental representation of the self in relation to others Stability & depth of an individual's relationships During development child must accomplish 2 tasks: separation & individuation |
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During development child must accomplish 2 tasks:
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1. separation
2. individuation OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY Sub set of the Psychodynamic theory under early separation problems as an etiology for PD |
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Separation
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OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY
Develop intrapsychic self-representation distinct & separate from mother Sub set of the Psychodynamic theory under early separation problems as an etiology for PD |
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Develop intrapsychic self-representation distinct & separate from mother
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Separation
Object relations theory; Sub set of the Psychodynamic theory under early separation problems as an etiology for PD |
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individuation
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form distinct identity with characteristics unique to the individual
Object relations theory: Sub set of the Psychodynamic theory under early separation problems as an etiology for PD |
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form distinct identity with characteristics unique to the individual
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Individuation
one of the 2 tasks child must accomplish during development Object relations theory: Sub set of the Psychodynamic theory under early separation problems as an etiology for PD |
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Differentiation
practicing repprochement object constancy |
4 stages to process of separation-individuation
Different PDs linked to problems w/ different stages of the separation-individuation process |
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Failure in separation-individuatio is
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etiologically linked to development of PD
Object relations theory: Sub set of the Psychodynamic theory under early separation problems as an etiology for PD |
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Disturbed Parental interaction
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Psychodynamic theory of etiology of PD based on either early separation problems or
disturbed parental interaction Family background assumed to be dysfunctional *enmeshed family patterns *role reversal patterns of kid-parent interxn *restricted involvement of family with the rest of the environment *social isolation *confusion of parental authority & nurturing roles *blurred family boundaries |
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blurred family boundaries
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Psychodynamic theory of etiology of PD based on either early separation problems or
*****disturbed parental interaction such as this one Family background assumed to be dysfunctional |
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confusion of parental authority & nurturing roles
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Psychodynamic theory of etiology of PD based on either early separation problems or
*****disturbed parental interaction such as this one |
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social isolation as etiology
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Psychodynamic theory of etiology of PD based on either early separation problems or
*****disturbed parental interaction such as this one |
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restricted involvement of family with the rest of the environment
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Psychodynamic theory of etiology of PD based on either early separation problems or
*****disturbed parental interaction such as this one |
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role reversal patterns of kid-parent interxn
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Psychodynamic theory of etiology of PD based on either early separation problems or
*****disturbed parental interaction such as this one |
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enmeshed family patterns
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Psychodynamic theory of etiology of PD based on either early separation problems or
*****disturbed parental interaction such as this one |
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Prevention of PD
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preventive work with young children in identified dysfunctional family settings
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Assessment of pt w/ PD
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*often several interviews are needed to clarify the diagnostic picture
*Long term patterns of functioning: assess stability of traits over time and across situations |
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Cultural issues vs maladaptive personality traits
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issues of acculturation in new immigrants
cultural expression of habitual behavior custom of religious practices |
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On assessment patterns of pervasive distrust (usually not at psychotic level)
Cluster___ |
A
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On assessment patterns of suspiciousness with odd and unusual behavior
Cluster ____ |
A
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On assessment sig hx of limited social network
Cluster ____ |
A
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On assessment sig hx of poor interpersonal relation ships
Cluster ____ |
A
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On assessment sig hx of limited disclosure or revealing of self to others, often refusing to answer personal questions
Cluster ____ |
A
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On assessment sig hx of compliments often mis interpreted
Cluster ____ |
A
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On assessment sig hx of pathological jealousy common
Cluster____ |
A
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On assessment sig hx of difficult to get along with
Cluster____ |
A
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On assessment sig hx of appearing cold and lacking in feelings
Cluster____ |
A
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On assessment sig hx of high control needs
Cluster____ |
A
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On assessment sig hx of rigid and critical of others
Cluster____ |
A
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On assessment sig hx of often highly litigious (Unreasonably prone to go to law to settle disputes)
Cluster____ |
A
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On assessment sig hx of negatively perceiver others; often biased and prone to stereotypes
Cluster____ |
A
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On assessment patterns of pervasive affective disruption
Cluster____ |
B
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On assessment patterns of pervasive interpersonal disruption Cluster____
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B
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On assessment patterns of pervasive affective & interpersonal disruption Cluster____
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B
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Of all clusters, disorders of Cluster _____ type may require hospitalization during period of active sx expression and when pt under sig levels of stress
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B
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On assessment sig hx of fluctuation emotional states
Cluster ___ |
B
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On assessment sig hx of dramatic qualities to how the individual lives his/her life
Cluster___ |
B
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usually dx by age 18
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antisocial PD
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More common in men
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antisocial PD
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high substance abuse comorbidity
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antisocial PD
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often dx w/ conduct d/o as kids
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antisocial PD
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Personality disorder criteria: CAPRI
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Cognition Affect
Personal Relations Impulse control |
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Personality disorder clusters:(acronym)
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Personality disorder clusters: Cluster A: MAD
Cluster B: BAD Cluster C: SAD |
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Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships
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Paranoid PD
Cluster A |
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Chooses solitary activities
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Paranoid PD
Cluster A |
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Shows little to no interest in sexual activity with another person
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Paranoid PD
Cluster A |
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Derives no pleasure in social activities
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Paranoid PD
Cluster A |
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Lacks close friends or social supports
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Schizoid personality Disorder
Cluster A |
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Is indifferent of opinion of others
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Schizoid personality Disorder
Cluster A |
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Appears cold and detached
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Schizoid personality Disorder
Cluster A |
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Exhibits affective flattening
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Schizoid personality Disorder
Cluster A |
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Ideas of reference
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Schizotypal personality Disorder
Cluster A |
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Odd beliefs
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Schizotypal personality Disorder
Cluster A |
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Magical thinking
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Schizotypal personality Disorder
Cluster A |
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Unusal perceptual experiences
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Schizotypal personality Disorder
Cluster A |
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Paranoid ideation
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Schizotypal personality Disorder
Cluster A |
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Inappropriate or constricted affect
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Schizotypal personality Disorder
Cluster A |
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Behavior overtly odd
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Schizotypal personality Disorder
Cluster A |
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Behavior overtly eccentric
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Schizotypal personality Disorder
Cluster A |
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Behavior overtly peculiar
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Schizotypal personality Disorder
Cluster A |
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Few or no close friends
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Schizotypal personality Disorder
Cluster A |
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Excessive social anxiety
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Schizotypal personality Disorder
Cluster A |
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PD predominately in women
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Borderline PD
Cluster B |
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often with positive hx of sig childhood abuse, neglect or early parental separation or loss
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Borderline PD
Cluster B |
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Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
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Borderline PD
Cluster B |
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Pattern of unstable, intense interpersonal relationships
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Borderline PD
Cluster B |
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Identity disturbances
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Borderline PD
Cluster B |
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Impulsivity often w/ self damaging behavior
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Borderline PD
Cluster B |
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Recurrent suicidal behavior
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Borderline PD
Cluster B |
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Chronic feelings of emptiness
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Borderline PD
Cluster B |
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Inappropriate, intensified affective anger responses
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Borderline PD
Cluster B |
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Transient psychotic sx of paranoia and dissociation
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Borderline PD
Cluster B |
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Failure to conform to social norms
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Antisocial PD
Cluster B PD |
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Repeated acts that are grounds for arrest
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Antisocial PD
Cluster B PD |
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Deceitfulness for profit
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Antisocial PD
Cluster B PD |
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Lying for pleasure
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Antisocial PD
Cluster B PD |
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Use of aliases for profit
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Antisocial PD
Cluster B PD |
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Deceitfulness, lying, or use of aliases for profit or pleasure
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Antisocial PD
Cluster B PD |
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Impulsivity and failure of future planning
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Antisocial PD
Cluster B PD |
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Reckless disregard for the welfare of others
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Antisocial PD
Cluster B PD |
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consistent irresponsibility
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Antisocial PD
Cluster B PD |
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Lack of remorse
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Antisocial PD
Cluster B PD |
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Indifference to the feelings of others
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Antisocial PD
Cluster B PD |
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Uncomfortable in situations in which he/she is not center of attention
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Histrionic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Interactions with others characterized by inappropriate seductive behavior
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Histrionic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Interactions with others characterized by sexualized behavior
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Histrionic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Interactions with others characterized by provocative behavior
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Histrionic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Interactions with others characterized by rapid shifting
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Histrionic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Interactions with others characterized by shallow emotional responses
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Histrionic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Interactions with others characterized by inappropriate seductive,or sexualized or provocative behavior, rapid shifting and shallow emotional responses
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Histrionic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Consistent use of physical appearance to draw attention to self
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Histrionic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Speech excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail
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Histrionic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Suggestive and easily influenced
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Histrionic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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easily influenced
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Histrionic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Suggestive
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Histrionic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Relationships considered more intimate than they are
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Histrionic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Grandiose sense of self-importance
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Narcissistic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Preoccupation with fantasies of power
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Narcissistic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Preoccupation with fantasies of success
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Narcissistic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Preoccupation with fantasies of brilliance
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Narcissistic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Preoccupation with fantasies of beauty
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Narcissistic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Preoccupation with fantasies of beauty, power, success, brilliance
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Narcissistic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Belief of self-importance and being special & unique
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Narcissistic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Belief of being special
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Narcissistic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Belief of self-importance
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Narcissistic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Belief of being unique
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Narcissistic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Excessive admiration required
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Narcissistic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Unreasonable expectation
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Narcissistic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Sense of entitlement
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Narcissistic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Unreasonable expectations or sense of entitlement
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Narcissistic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Interpersonally exploitative
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Narcissistic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Empathy lacking
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Narcissistic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Envy of others
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Narcissistic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Empathy lacking
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Narcissistic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Envy of others and belief that others envy him or her
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Narcissistic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Belief that others envy him or her
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Narcissistic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Arrogant behaviors
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Narcissistic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Arrogant and haughty behaviors
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Narcissistic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Haughty behaviors
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Narcissistic personality d/o
Cluster B Personality d./o |
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Patterns of pervasive anxiety and fear
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Cluster C d/o
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Sig hx includes avoidant behavior
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Cluster C d/o
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Assessment reveals sig hx of procrastination
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Cluster C d/o
|
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Assessment reveals sig hx of difficulty in following through
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Cluster C d/o
|
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Assessment reveals sig hx of fearful of rejection and criticism
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Cluster C d/o
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Assessment reveals sig hx of difficulty relaxing
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Cluster C d/o
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When looking at avoidant behavior what must the provider consider?
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Cultural variable
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Gender preference in avoidant PD
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d/o = for both genders
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Gender preference in Dependent PD
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do higher in women than men
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Commonly dx in individuals w hx of chronic physical illnesses
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Dependent PD
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Gender preference of Obsessive-compulsive PD
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predominantly in men
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