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118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which vein is used most often?
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median cubital
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veins for long term IV fluids
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dorsal venous network, cephalic, basilic
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where cardiac catheter inserted
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cubital veins
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winged scapula due to injury of...
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long thoracic nerve
also: serratus anterior can't rotate glenoid fossa superiorly so arm can't be ABducted more than 90 deg |
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atrophy of deltoid
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axillary nerve injury/ when surgical neck of humerus is fractured
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most common rotator cuff injury
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rupture of the supraspinatus
-the tendon of the supraspinatus is separated from the coracoacromial bursa |
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shoulder separation
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coracoclavicular ligament tear - shoulder falls away from clavicle due to weight of arm (mainttain integrity of AC joint)
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which part of the rotator cuff is not reinforced
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the inferior part- it is reinforced posteriorly, superiorly, and anteriorly
-in a dislocation, the head of the humerus pops through this non-reinforced part |
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most common dislocation of glenohumeral joint in young adults and athletes
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anterior dislocation ; axillary nerve may be injured in dislocation
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subacromial bursitis
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calcium deposits in supraspinatus tendon may irritate the bursa -OR- subacromial bursa itself can become inflamed and calcified = calcific scapulohumeral bursitis, leads to limitation of glenohumeral joint
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which rotator cuff muscle doesnt attach to the greater tubercle of the humerus
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tendon of the subscapularis inserts on the lesser tubercle
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coronal plane
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div into anterior/posterior portions
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median plane
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divides body into equal L+R 1/2's
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primary curves of spine
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sacral/cocc, thoracic
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secondary "compensatory" curves of spine
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cervical, lumbar
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facet joints
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zygapophyseal joints - superior and inferior articular processes- true synovial joints, permit gliding movements b/t vertebrae
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which vertebrae have transverse foramenae
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cervical except C7, contain vertebral artery
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atlanto-occipital joint
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only permit flexion/extension = "yes joint"
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atlanto-axial joint
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only permits rotatory motion = "no joint"
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which vertebrae don't have an IV disc between them?
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C1 + C2
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most inferior IV disc?
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b/t L5 and sacrum
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2 parts of IV disc
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annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus (loses water, replaced by fibrocartilage with age)
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anterior longitudinal ligament
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-thick, broad, strong
-reinforces LATERAL part of IV discs -prevents hyperextension of vertebral column (ONLY extension-limiting ligament) -maintains stability of intervertebral joints |
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posterior longitudinal ligament
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-narrower, weaker than anterior
-runs within the vertebral canal along posterior aspect of vertebral bodies -helps prevent hyperflexion of vet column and protrusion of IV discs |
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ligaments that bind the laminae together
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ligamenta flava (yellow)
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flexion limiting ligaments
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-supraspinous (connects tips of spines)
-interspinous (weak, fills spaces between spines) -lig flava -posterior long. lig |
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only muscles that are superficial but considered deep back muscles
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splenius capitus + cervicus
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spinal nerves
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cervical-> 8 pairs (1st b/t C1 and occipital bone)
thoracic-> 12 pairs (nerves start exiting below foramen here, rather than above) lumbar + sacral-> each 5 |
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spinal cord ends...
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b/t L1 and L2
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cone-shaped tip of spinal cord
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conus medullaris
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what prevents the spinal cord from moving anteriorly and posteriorly?
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denticulate ligament
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pia mater filament that anchors the spinal cord to the sacrum
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filum terminali
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rootlets floating below L2
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cauda equina (where you do a spinal tap for CSF)
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dorsal roots
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sensory (in)
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ventral roots
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motor (out)
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spinal ganglion is on which root?
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dorsal
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dorsal rami
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smaller, supply skin and deep back muscles, don't join
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ventral rami
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upper and lower limbs
thoracic + abdominal muscles |
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certain ventral rami form a plexus- they are...
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cervical
thoracic (intercostals) lumb + thoracic (brachial plexus) lumb + sacral (supply muscle +skin of lower limbs) |
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2nd type of nerve fiber found in all spinal nerves
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sympathetic nerve fibers - supply vascular smooth muscle --> reg BP, sweat glands etc.
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posterior triangle boundaries
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-lateral edge sternocleidomastoid
-Ant border trapezius -Middle 1/3 of clavicle |
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axilla boundaries
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anterior wall -pac major, pec minor
posterior wall - subscap + scap, teres maj + lats lateral boundary- intertubercular groove humerus medial boundary - lateral aspect of thoracic wall, intercostals, serr. ant. |
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major protractor/abductor of scapula
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serratus anterior (but trap important too)
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posterior triangle floor
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3 scalenes, levator scapulae, upper part of splenius cervicus
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nerve accidentally injured during radical mastectomy
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long thoracic nerve
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apex of axilla
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portions of 3 bones:
- superior border scap -mid 1/3 clavicle -1st rib |
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nerve off C5 root
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dorsal scapular
long thoracic (others run into it also) |
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nerve off superior trunk
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suprascapular
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nerves off lateral cord
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lateral pectoral, then branches into musculocutaneous and lateral head of median nerve
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nerves off posterior cord
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1. upper subscapular
2. thoracodorsal 3. lower subscapular -then branches into axillary and radial nerves |
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nerves off medial cord
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1. medial pectoral
2. medial cutaneous of arm (brachial) 3. medial cutaneous of forearm (antebrachial) -then ulnar and median head of median nerve |
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dorsoscapular nerve innervates:
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levator scapula
2 rhomboids |
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median nerve innervates:
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3 muscles that move thumb
flexors of anterior forearm pronators of anterior forearm |
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radial nerve innervates:
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extensor muscles
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axillary nerve innervates:
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teres minor
terminal branch only supplies deltoid |
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thoracodorsal innervates:
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latissimus doris
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subscapular innervates:
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subscapularis + teres major
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lateral pectoral nerve innervates:
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pectoralis major
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medial pectoral nerve innervates:
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pectoralis major and minor
(cutaneous medial part of forearm ? i don't get my notes) |
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cutaneous sensory loss, confined to dermatone
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injury of C6 nerve
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axillary artery from scalene divides into 3 where
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at pec minor
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1st branch axillary artery
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superior thoracic artery
-b/t pec minor + 1st rib -supplies soft tissue in 1st couple intercostals |
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2nd branch axillary artery
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thoracoacromial artery
-behind pec minor -usually 2 branches (lateral thoracic artery) -to pec maj + minor |
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3rd part axillary artery
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3 branches:
-subscapular -anterior humeral circumflex -posterior humeral circumflex* (tags) |
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where is clavicle commonly fractured?
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b/t lateral 1/3 + medial 2/3
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clavicle description
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S-shaped
anterior medial convex anterior lateral concave medial part is larger |
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sternoclavicular joint helps...
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move arm out and in
-clavicle acts as a brace to push upper limb away from trunk -more stable than AC joint |
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what ligament is principle stabilizer of AC joint?
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coracoclavicular ligament
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elevation of scapula
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-superior trapezius
-levator scapula -rhomboids |
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depression of scapula
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-pec minor
-inferior trap -inferior serratus anterior |
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protraction of scapula
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-pec minor
-serratus anterior |
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retraction of scapula
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-rhomboids "boobie muscles"
-middle trap -latissimus dorsi |
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main muscles that move pectoral girdle
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trapezius
pec minor serratus anterior levator scapula rhomboid M+M |
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coracoclavicular ligament prevents...
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upward dislocation of head of humerus
-suspends scapula to lateral end of clavicle |
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tendon inside glenohumeral jt
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long head of biceps
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bursa b/t supraspinatus and bicep tendon
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subacromial subdeltoid bursa
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weight-bearing part of elbow
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trochlea of humerus + trochlear notch
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humeroulnar jt only permits...
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flexion/ extension
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motions of proximal radioulnar jt
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pronation/supination
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articular capsule of elbow jt reinforced with...
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collateral ligaments
medial(ulnar) lateral (radial) -limit motion to flexion/extension |
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what holds head radius against radial notch of ulna?
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radialannular ligament
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pronation
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radius over ulna
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supination
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bones parallel
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transmits bone forces from radius to ulna
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interosseus membrane
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flexors of elbow
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-bicep
-brachialis -brachioradialis (esp. when midway b/t pron + supin) (1st two musculocutaneous, 3rd radial nerve) |
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only extensor of elbow/forearm
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3 heads of triceps
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which muscle can supinate the forearm besides the supinator?
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biceps
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cephalic and basilic united across elbow by what?
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median cubital vein
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muscular side walls of cubital fossa:
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brachioradialis
pronator teres |
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what nerve lies under the brachioradialis, isn't in the cubital fossa
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radial
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2 bones that form radiocarpal joint
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scaphoid
lunate |
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most frequently fractured carpal bone
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scaphoid
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most frequently dislocated carpal bone
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lunate
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primary flexors of the wrist
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flexor carpi radialis (median nerve)
flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar nerve) palmaris longus (weakly contributes) |
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primary extensors of wrist
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extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor carpi ulnaris -all radial nerve |
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ulnar deviation
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= adduct
-flexor carpi ulnaris, -extensor carpi ulnaris |
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radial deviation
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= abduct
-flexor carpi radialis L+B -extensor carpi radialis -the styloid limits abduction |
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all joints b/t 8 carpals are:
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synovial
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what kind of joint is the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb?
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saddle joint = allows mobility
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MP joints
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-"knuckle jts"
-permit ab/adduction, flexion, extension, some rotation -condyloid jt (thumb is hinge joint) |
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IP thumb permits
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flexion + extension
-flexor pollicis longus -extensor pollicis longus |
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DIP of medial 4 flexed by
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flexor digitorum profundus (PIP by both superficialis and profundus)
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carpal tunnel made up of...
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-flexor digitorum profundus
-flexor digitorum superficialis -flexor pollicis longus -median nerve (9 flexors + nerve) |
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thenar muscles supplied by what nerve?
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recurrent branch of median nerve (off median @ carpal tunnel)
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what artery forms superficial palmar arterial arch?
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ulnar
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lumbricals
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-"bye bye" muscles
-I (index finger is median nerve, II-IV ulnar -O+I all on tendons |
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interosseus muscles
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-4 dorsal, 3 palmar
-dorsal abduct (DAB) -palmar adduct (PAD) -middle finger has 2 dorsal, no palmar; pinky doesnt need any |
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hyoid is at what C level
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C3
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anterior triangle boundaries
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superior= inferior border of mandible
inferior=manubrium of sternum (jugular notch) posterior (hypotenuse)=SCM anterior=imag line connecting chin to manubrium |
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what's in carotid sheath?
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common carotid
vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) internal jugular vein |
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where is a tracheostomy performed?
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cricothyroid membrane
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trachea and esophagus begin at:
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C6
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the spinal accessory nerve innervates:
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trapezius
SCM |
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infrahyoid group includes:
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sternohyoid
sternothyroid thyrohyoid superior belly of omohyoid -swallowing and vocalization |
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suprahyhoid group
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anterior belly of digastric (V trigeminal)
posterior belly of digastric (VII facial) |
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each carotid begins where?
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thoracic cavity
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4 branches of external carotid artery:
(internal has no branches) |
starting from most distal, traveling superiorly:
1. superior thyroid artery 2. lingual artery 3. facial artery 4. occipital |
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2 sensory receptors at bifurcation of carotid:
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1. carotid sinus-->baroreceptor, senses pressure
2. carotid body-->chemoreceptor,senses CO2 and O2 blood levels |
