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160 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Activated Clotting Time (ACT) |
blood test measuring the clotting ability of the blood; determines whether the patient has an adequate dose of heparin (or other anticoagulant) to prevent clotting of interventional equipment |
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Acute |
having a sudden onset, sharp rise, and short course |
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Acute Gain |
difference in lumen diameter measured before and immediately after an intervention. Acute gain is due to plaque removal removal and/or arterial expansion |
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adjunctive |
treatment that is used in addition to another treatment |
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adventitia |
outermost layer of arteries |
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amputation |
removal of a body extremity by surgery |
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anastomosis |
surgical joining of vessels,such as arteries, that allow blood to flow directly from one vessel to another;provide alternative pathways for blood to flow in case of vessel blockage |
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aneurysm |
thinning of the wall or lining that causes an abnormal blood filled dilation (bulges) of blood vessels, especially in the artery, resulting from disease or injury to the vessel wall |
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anastomotic stricture |
narrowing, usually by scarring or inflammation of a suture line following a surgical procedure; suture was placed to connect the end of one vessel to the end of another vessel |
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angiography |
procedure in which radiopaque dye is injected into the circulatory system in order to visualize the coronary and peripheral arteries |
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angioplasty |
non-surgical repair of a blood vessel; dilation of an obstructed atherosclerotic artery by the passage of a balloon catheter through the vessel to the area of disease where inflation of the balloon at the distal end of the catheter compresses the plaque against the vessel wall |
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ankle brachial index (abi) |
measure of the fall in blood pressure in the arteries supplying the legs and is used to detect evidence of blockages in the peripheral vessels |
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antegrade |
ocurring in the normal direction or path of blood circulation |
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anterior |
in fron of |
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anticoagulant |
drug that delays blood clotting |
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anterolateral |
in front of and to the side of |
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aorta |
major artery in the body that transports blood from the left ventricle of the heart to branch arteries which supply the body |
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aortagram |
visualization of the aorta using X-rays during and following the injection of a radiopaque substance |
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arteries |
muscular and elastic walled vessels which carry oxygenated blood from the heart throughout the body |
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arterioles |
arteries branch into smaller vessels called arterioles that conduct blood to the capillary bed |
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arteriovenous fistula (AV fistula) |
abnormal connection or passageway btwn. an artery and a vein |
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atherectomy |
removal of plaque material from a vessel's wall by using a catheter usually fitted with a cutting blade or grinding burr |
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atherosclerosis |
highly prevalent disease characterized by gradual accumulation of fibrous and fatty plaque on the walls of arteries, leading to progressive narrowing of the arterial lumen |
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balloon pressure |
pressure generated by fluid within the angioplasty balloon. measured in ATM |
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bifurcation |
location where a blood vessel branches |
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bolus |
large volume of fluid (saline) or drug given intravenously and rapidly for immediate response |
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brachial artery |
main artery of upper arm that is a direct continuation of the axillary artery |
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bruit |
abnormal sound heard on stethoscope- turbulence of flow |
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btk |
below the knee |
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calcification |
abnormal deposits of the mineral calcium in vessels and other structures, can form over long periods of time |
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cannulate |
insert a tube, such as a catheter into an artery |
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apillaries |
smallest, thin walled blood vessel; site for exchange of nutrients and metabolic end products |
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cardiac arrest |
cessation of ventricular activity; lack of heartbeat or peripheral pulse |
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CAS |
carotid artery stenting |
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catheter |
tubular structure intended for insertion into a blood vessel, duct, or passage for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes |
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catheterization |
examination of the heart of peripheral vessels by means of a thin catheter inserted into a vein or artery |
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caudal |
projection angle of fluoroscopy when the view is tipped towards the patient's feet |
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chronic |
marked by long duration, be frequent recurrence ever a long period of time, often progressing slowly |
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cli |
critical lim ischemia |
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clot |
fibrous network produced as the end product of blood coagulation; consists of fibrin and insoluble protein |
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coagulation |
process whereby blood thicken to a viscous jellylike, or solid state as in formation of a clot |
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collateral circulation |
small blood vessels which enlarge or develop when blood flow in arteries is reduced or stopped by stenoses or occlusions, and can no longer supply blood to tissue |
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concentric |
blockage that is equal in all directions from the center of the vessel lumen |
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congenital |
abnormality present at birth |
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cranial |
projection angle of fluoroscopy when the view is tipped towards the patient's feet |
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circulatory system |
closed system of arteries, capillaries, and veins that carry blood oxygenated by the lungs from the heart to all cells of the body as well as through the filtering systems of the liver and kidneys |
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contralateral |
on the opposite side of the body |
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contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) |
worsening of renal function, typically when creatine increases > 25% above baseline within 24-48 hours following conrast administration |
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contrast media |
substance comparatively opaque to x-rays that is introduced into the body |
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computerized tomogrpajy scan (CT scan) |
3D images of structures within the body created by a computer that takes the data from multiple x-ray images |
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computerized tomography angiography (CTA) |
CT scan utilizing contrast media |
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Diabetes |
metabolic disease in which the body loses its ability to regular blood sugar, leading to a high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) |
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diagnostic catheter |
hollow tubes that are inserted into the patient's arterial system either from the femoral, radial or brachial arteries and advances to other arteries using fluoroscopy to monitor progress |
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dissection |
splitting of the arterial wall btwn. layers |
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distal |
farthest away |
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distensibility |
ability of a blood vessel to stretch |
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dye |
fluid that can be injected into patient's arteries that is radiopaque and creates a shadow of the internal lumen of the artery |
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duplex ultrasound |
formation of 2d image used to examine internal body structures. it can display in both spectral and color flow images are seem simultaneously |
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eccentric |
blockage that is not equal in all directions fro the center of the vessel lumen |
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embolus |
abnormal particle that can dissipate or be carried by the blood to smaller vessels |
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endarterectomy |
surgical removal of the inner layer of the inner layer of an artery- performed when plaque reduced blood flow or blocks an artery and reduces or obstructs blood flow and oxygen delivery to other parts of the body |
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endothelization |
proliferation (growth) of the endothelium. new endothelium cells will grow to repair the vessel lining and cover stent struts if applicable |
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fibrin |
an insoluble fibrous protein that forms the backbone of a clot |
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fluoroscope |
x-ray equipment used in a cath lab to visualize body parts that are either radiopaque intrinsically or can accommodate contrast media that is radiopaque |
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fractional flow reserve |
guide wire based procedure that can measure blood pressure and flow through a specific part of an artery. |
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gradient |
difference of blood pressure across a lesion |
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guide wire |
wire with a flexible curved tip that can be threaded through a catheter and steered into position through a lesion. |
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guiding catheters |
large lumen tubular device that are used to engage the artery from a hole in the patient's femoral artery; interventionaldevices are then passed through this catheter |
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hemodynamics |
study of movement of blood and forces concerned therein . |
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hemodynamic instability |
state requiring pharmacologic or mechanical support to maintain a normal blood pressure or adequate cardiac output |
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hemorrhage |
bleeding |
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hyper |
above, beyond, or excessive |
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hyperlipidemia |
elevated concentrations of any or all of the lipids in plasma |
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hypertension |
high blood pressure, generally defined as BP readings over 140 mmHG |
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hypo |
below or insufficient |
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hypotension |
abnormally low blood pressure, associated with inappropriate organ perfusion and symptoms such as fasinting |
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hypovolemia |
decreased blood volume below normal |
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hypoxia |
insuficient oxygen reaching the tissues of the body |
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anoxia |
hypoxia of such severity as to result in permanent chagne |
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inferior |
relational term- below a reference point |
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intermittent claudication |
cramping pain and weakness in the legs and especially the calves on walking that disappears after rest and is usually associated with inadequate blood supply to the muscles |
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intima |
inner layer of blood vessel wall |
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ischemia |
reduction in blood supply causing the supply of nutrients or oxygen to fall below the requirements for cells to survive |
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IVUS |
uses catheters with an array of transmitters and sensors around their distal tip, facing toward the bessel walls- sound waves bounced off the vessel walls and their echo provides detailed images of composition of lesions and vessels themselves |
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laser |
concentrates high energies into a narrow beam of coherent monochromatic light- can be used to destroy tissue so quickly that surrounding tussle is not heated or damaged |
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late loss |
Difference in lumen diameter after intervention and at future angiographic follow-up, reflects the net effects of intimal hyperplasia, elastic recoil, and vascular remodeling |
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lateral |
to the side of a reference point |
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lesion |
a blocakge in the artery |
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lesion morphology |
characteristics that classify the lesion. blockage as to size, length severity, location |
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less invasive procedure |
treatment of disease that requires a needles puncture or small hole in the patient's skin to access an artery but no open surgery |
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lumen |
inside of a blood vessel |
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manifold |
series of stopcocks that allow the medical staff to monitor blood pressure, inject contrast, inject heparainzes saline and pull blood samples from one port on a catheter |
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media |
middle layer of blood vessel |
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medical therapy |
treatment of a disease with the use ofmedications/ pharmas first line of deviance for PAD and CVD |
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millimeters of mercury mmHG |
unit of pressure equal to the pressure exerted by a column of mercury |
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morbidity |
diseased state or symptoms or pertaining to the incidence and or rate of disease/ sickness |
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mortality |
pertaining to death |
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magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) |
non invasive test that has demonstrated usefulness in reining the anatomy of blood vessels of certain size |
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necrosis |
cell or tissue death |
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neointimal hyperplasia |
thickening of the intima of a blood vessel as a result of an interventional procedure or endarectomy universal response of vessel to injury |
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nitroglycerin |
medication that dilates arteries and therefore increases blood flow |
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non-invasive procedure |
procedure that requires no opening of the body |
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occlusion |
a blockage or obstruction of an artery |
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oculo-stenotic reflex |
when a physician sees a blockage in a bloodvessel that may not be tightly and want to treat it |
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ostial |
origin of an artery |
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overlapping vessels |
on fluroscopy- vessels filled with radiopaque fluid may appear to overlap (cross over) in a 2 dimensional picture, such as an angiogram, where in reality they may not overlap |
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parenchymal tissue |
tissue that constitutes the essential part of an organ as contrasted with connective tissue and blood vessels |
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peak systolic velocity (PSV) |
measured from Doppler waveform at the lesion site and at a normal appearing segment proximal to the lesion |
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perfusion |
continual and constant circulation of blood through tissues |
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plain old balloon angioplasty |
stenosis of an artery has been treated by balloon dilation only, without inserting a stent |
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post luminal diameter |
cross section measurement of artery inner lumen after a procedure has been done to open a blockage |
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posterior |
relational term meaning- behind a reference point |
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poterolateral |
situated on the side and toward the posterior aspect |
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pressure gradient |
difference in blood pressure across the lesion |
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pressure wire |
used for measuring the pressure distal and proximal of the lesion |
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prolapse |
falling down or slipping of a body part or device from its usual position- bends at the tip when it meets resistance and forms a J shape instead of a traveling down a vessel with a straight tip |
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prothrombin |
clotting factor, when converted to its active form- thrombin triggers the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin |
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Proximal |
closer to point of origin |
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distal |
further away |
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mid |
somewhere in between distal and proximal |
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PTA |
using a balloon catheter to apply pressure to a stenosis or occlusion to attain a larger lumen and better blood flow |
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pseudoaneurysm |
dilation of an artery with actual disruption of one or more layers of its walls, rather than the expansion of all wall layers |
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pulsatile flow |
movement of fluid through a tube that occurs in spurts as it is pumped form the heart |
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systolic |
heart pumping/ contracting |
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diastole |
heart beat at rest |
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radiopaque |
x-rays can't penetrate a radiopaque material- bones, contrast media, metals |
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recoil |
%, amount of spring back a vessel or stents experiences after it has been expanded |
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reference vessel diameter (RVD) |
diameter of a vessel- typically measured in the non-stenosed portion of the vessel that is close to the lesion |
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re-occlusion |
reoccurrence of occlusion in an artery after it has been treated with apparent success |
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reperfusion |
restoration of blood flow to ischemic tissue |
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residual stenosis |
blockage that remains int he artery immediately after the interventional procedure is performed |
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restenosis |
condition in which the blockage returns to a vessel segment that has been previously treated by percutaneous intervention |
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revascularization |
opening of a narrowed or blocked artery |
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Rutherford Becker clinical categories |
system of categorization of chronic lower limb ischemia |
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shortening |
stent expanded and get shorter |
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shunt |
to bypass or create a passage between 2 channels, especially between blood vessels, to divert blood from one part to another by a surgical shunt |
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stenosis |
narrowing of an artery (lesion= stenosis=narrowing=plaque) |
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stent |
framework that is permanently implanted to provide internal support to artery lumen |
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sub-acute |
btwn. acute and chronic |
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sub-intimal |
beneath the intima |
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superior |
above a reference point |
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take off |
when an artery branches, the ostium of the arterial branch |
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tandem lesions |
2 blockages in the same artery where a segment in the middle isn't diseased |
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target lesion revascularization |
revascularization of a lesion that was previously repaired |
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TASC |
created to address the lack of uniformity in atherosclerotic disease management among countries as well as hospitals |
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thromboembolism |
blood clot which forms in one site then detaches and lodges in another part of the body |
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thrombolysis |
action of lysing or breaking up a clot |
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thrombolytic |
descriptive of medication that can dissolve a blood clot |
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thrombosis |
formation of a blood clot |
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thrombus |
aggregation of plasm components that occludes a vessel at the site of its formation |
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titrate |
incremental increase or decrease in drug dosage to a level that provides the optimal therapeutic effect |
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tortuosity |
full of twists and turns |
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total occlusions |
blockages in arteries that will allow no blood flow to pass |
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TVR |
target vessel revascularization |
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vascular |
realting to the blood vessels |
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vascualr remodeling |
vessel shrinkage or expansion post stent procedure |
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vasoconstriction |
narrowing of the blood vessels caused by contraction of the muscles of their walls |
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vaso-vagal reaction |
response of the blood vessels to the stimulus format he bagus nerve, causes dilation of blood vessels |
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vein |
vessel which return deoxygenated blood to the heart |
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waling impairment questionnaire |
disease specific instrument utilized to characterize walking ability through a questionnaire as an alternative to treadmill testing. |
