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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Regions of the vertebra |
7 Cervical 12 Thoracic 5 Lumbar 5 Sacral Coccygeal 3-5 fused |
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Primary curvatures of the vertebra are |
thoracic and sacral concave anteriorly due to thicker wedge shaped bodies posteriorly |
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Secondary curvatures of the vertebra are |
cervical and lumbar convex anteriorly due to thicker wedge shaped IV discs, thicker anteriorly |
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Kyphosis |
Hunchback, excessive primary curvature |
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Lordosis |
Swayback, excessive secondary curvature |
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Superior & inferior vertebral notches |
above and below pedicles form intervertebral foramina for spinal nerves |
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Typical cervical vertebrae |
foramina transversaria (for vert. artery to brain) Bifid spinous process Large vertebral foramen |
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Atypical cervical vertebrae |
Atlas - no body, holds up head, superior articular facets for skull Axis - dens from C1/Atlas fused Vertebra prominens, C7, sticks out, no bifid process |
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Typical thoracic vertebrae |
T 2-8 2 costal facets on vertebral body 1 costal facet transverse process |
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Atypical thoracic vertebrae |
T1 looks cervical, one circular facet T9-12 single costal facet, not 2 demi-facets T11-12 no transverse process facet |
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Typical lumbar vertebrae |
No costal facets Fat Long TP |
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The sacrum |
5 fused vertebrae Promontory (top), ala (wings), hilus (bot) Dorsal sacral foramina for spinal nerves Processes fused (median, intermediate, lateral crests) |
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Cervical movement |
Flex, extend Lateral flex Rotate |
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Thoracic movement |
little flex/extend (heart) lateral flexion lots of rotation |
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Lumbar movement |
lots of flex/extend/lateral flex little rotation |
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Zygopophyseal joints |
B/w facets Synovial plane Lateral rotation/flexion |
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Atlanto-occipital joint |
yes joint synovial, ellipsoid |
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Atlanto-axial joint |
no joint transverse ligament, anterior arch of atlas+ dens spinning pivot alar and apical ligaments |
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Intervertebral discs |
thicker IVD = greater movement |
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Herniation |
May cause osteoarthritis, narrowing of space |
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Dislocation without fraction |
only in cervical thoracic and lumbar only fractured articular processes cause dislocation |
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Ligamentum flavum |
connects laminae |
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supraspinous ligament |
tips of spinous processes |
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interspinous |
root to apex of spinous of each |
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Superficial muscles of back |
longest Erector Spinae-Lateral: iliocostalis LTC Intermediate: longissimus TCCap Medial: spinalis TCCap |
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Intermediate muscles of back |
Oblique Transversospinalis (semispinalis TCCap, multifidus [insert onto spine] sacrum lumbar, rotatores, deepest short muscle) |
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Deep muscles of the back
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Interspinales CL Intertransversales CL |
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Splenius |
Chimney smoke |
