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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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kidneys
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two in #, with cortex and medulla, adrenal glands and ureters, retroperitoneal
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nephritis
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inflammation of the kidney, often stems from strep throat
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ptosis
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dropping of one or both kidneys
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urine
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waste material produced by the kidney
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systems involved in waste elimination
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urinary-urine
respiratory-CO2 integumentary-salts=urea digestive-feces |
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hilum/hilus
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concave notch with autonomic nerves, lymphatics, renal artery (blood in), renal vein (blood out)
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path of waste through urinary system to bladder
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renal artery-segmental artery-interlobar artery-arcuate artery-interlobular artery-afferent arteriole-glomerulus-Bowman's capsule-proximal convoluted tubule- descending limb of loop of Henle-loop of Henle-ascending limb of loop of henle-distal convoluted tubule-collecting tubule-collecting duct-papillary duct-minor calyx-major calyx-renal pelvis-ureter
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nephrons
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basics structural and functional units of the kidney, juxtamedullary nephrons (15%) cortical nephrons (15%)
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ureter
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2 in #, stem of a funnel,carry urine to urinary bladder via peristaltic waves, gravity, and hydrostatic pressure due to blood pressure in glomeruli, no anatomical sphincter between ureter and bladder
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functional valves
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fleshy flaps of mucosa that are compressed when bladder is full.
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cystitis
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inflammation of bladder, can lead to kidney infection
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glomerulus
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capillary knot or bed, endothelium is fenestrated with pores, lamina densa or basement membrane
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podocytes
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interglomerular epithelium make up part of glomerular capsule, have pedicels with filtration slits between them
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efferent arteriole
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blood exits glomerulus via this arteriole with small diameter
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renal pyramid
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location of collecting tubules
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urinary bladder
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one per person, 700-800 mL capacity, four layers
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four layers of bladder
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-mucosa with transitional epithelium and rugae
-submucosa of CT -smooth muscle layer=detrusor muscle, outer longitudinal, middle circular, inner longitudinal -serosa |
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trigone
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section of bladder that leads to the urethra
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urethra
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connects bladder to exterior, about 1 1/2" in females (urine), 8" in males (urine and semen), two sphincters, micturition
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two urethral spincters
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internal smooth muscle-autonomic
external skeletal muscle-under cerebral control |
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micturition
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urination or voiding, bladder fills with urine, stretch receptors in bladder walls trigger, bladder contacts (except trigone), internal urethral sphincter contracts, w conscious effort, external urethral sphincter is relaxed
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incontinence
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loss of control of micturition
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retention
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failure to micturate, in males possible problem with prostate
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