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126 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What muscles perform plantar flexion of the ankle joint?
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- triceps surae
- plantaris - tibialis posterior - peroneus longus and brevis |
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All adductors flex and adduct the thigh except two muscles that also do what?
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- adductor magnus - extends thigh
- gracilis - flexes and rotates leg medially |
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All quadriceps muscles only extend the knee except one that also does what?
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Rectus femoris also flexes the thigh!
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What muscles perform medial rotation of the knee-joint?
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- semimembranosis
- semitendinosis - popliteus |
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What muscles perform dorsiflexion of the ankle joint?
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- tibialis anterior
- extensor digitorum - extensor hallucis longus - peroneus tertius |
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What muscles perform lateral rotation of the knee-joint when the leg is semi-flexed?
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Only biceps femoris
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What muscles extend the knee-joint?
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Only quadriceps femoris
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What muscles abduct the hip-joint?
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- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimus - obturator internus |
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- hamstrings
- gracilis - sartorius - gastrocnemius - popliteus Do what? |
flex the knee-joint
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What muscles perform lateral rotation of the hip-joint?
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- obturator internus & externus
- gemelli - piriformis - quadratus femoris - gluteus maximus |
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What muscles perform medial rotation of the hip-joint?
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- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimus - tensor fascia latae The same muscles that are innervated by inferior gluteal nerve! |
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What are the hamstrings?
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Tendons of
- semitendinosus - semimembranosus - biceps femoris |
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What muscles adduct the hip-joint?
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- adductors
- pectineus - gracilis |
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What muscles extend the hip-joint?
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- hamstrings
- gluteus maximus - adductor magnus |
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What muscles flex the hip-joint?
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- iliopsoas
- tensor fascia latae - rectus femoris - adductors - sartorius - pectineus |
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Damage to what nerves can cause pecular gate
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sciatic nerve
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Damage to what nerves can cause Lateral swinging of the limb
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obturator nerve
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Damage to what nerves can cause impaired flexion + impaired extension
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femoral nerve
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Damage to what nerves can cause loss of eversion
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superficial peroneal nerve
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Damage to what nerves can cause foot drop + paralysis of all evertors
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common fibular nerve
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Damage to what nerves can cause shuffling of the gate
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tibial nerve
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Damage to what nerves can cause foot drop + high-stepping gate
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deep fibular nerve
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Damage to what nerves can cause clawing of toes
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tibial nerve
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Dorsalis pedis artery terminates as what?
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Deep plantar artery.
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What causes a ankle-jerk reflex?
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Achilles reflex is a reflex twitch of the triceps surae.
It is induced by tapping of tendo calcaneus (achilles tendon). |
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What causes a knee-jerk reflex?
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Patellar reflex occurs when patellar ligament is tapped, resulting in sudden contraction of quadriceps muscle. Tests L2-L4.
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What can cause a flat foot?
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Dissapearance or collapse of the
medial longitudinal arch. |
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What is a genu varum?
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Deformity in which tibia is bent inwards.
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What is a genu valgum?
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Deformity in which tibia is bent or twisted outwards.
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Which two structures go anteriorly and parallell in the leg?
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anterior tibial artery goes medial to deep fibular nerve
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Which structure passes through acetabular notch?
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acetabular branch of
posterior branch of obturator artery |
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What forms the dorsalis pedis artery?
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Anterior tibial artery.
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How is the plantar arch formed?
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Dorsal arch is more of an arcuate line formed by the dorsalis pedis artery.
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How is the deep plantar arch formed?
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Lateral plantar artery forms Deep plantar arch
by joining the deep plantar branch of the medial plantar artery. |
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The posterior branch of the obturator artery also provides an artery to which structure?
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An artery to head of femur via round ligament of head of femur.
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How many perforating arteries are located in the adductor canal and which muscles do they supply?
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4 perforating arteries supply hamstring muscles & adductor magnus
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Which artery supplies most blood to the head and neck of the femur?
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The medial circumflex artery.
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The lateral femoral circumflex artery gives off important branches. Name them and also the structures that they are involved in!
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Ascending branch
forms vascular circle Transverse branch forms cruciate anastomosis Descending branch forms anastomosis around knee with genicular arteries |
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The popliteal artery divides in anterior and posterior tibial artery. Does any anastomosis occur?
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Yes. The peroneal artery (branch of posterior tibial artery) gives off a perforating branch that penetrates the interosseous membrane and connects with anterior tibial artery.
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The posterior tibial artery gives off a big branch, the fibular artery. After that they divide, does any anastomosis occur?
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Yes, there are 2.
Through communicating branch and Lateral calaneal branch of peroneal artery and medial calcaneal branch of posterior tibial artery |
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Which structures participate in forming the cruciate anastomosis of the thigh?
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- inferior gluteal artery
- transverse branches of medial femoral circumflex arteries - transverse branches of lateral femoral circumflex arteries -ascending branch of 1st perforating artery |
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Which structures participate in forming the anastomosis of the knee?
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- genicular arteries (all 4 + middle)
- articular branch of descending genicular arteries - descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery - anterior tibial recurrent artery |
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Which muscles are responsibly for inverison:
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- tibialis anterior
- tibialis posterior - extensor hallucis longus |
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Which muscles are responsibly for eversion:
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- peroneus longus
- peroneus brevis - peroneus tertius - extensor digitorum longus |
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If we combine leg and foot
deep peroneal nerve supplies: |
- tibialis anterior
- extensor hallucis longus & brevis - extensor digitorum longus & brevis - peroneus tertius |
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Which muscles of leg are supplied by tibial nerve? Superficial group:
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(Ge Plantan Sol!) Posterior compartment.
- gastrocnemius muscle - plantaris muscle - soleus muscle |
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Which muscles of the foot are supplied by deep peroneal nerve?
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- extensor digitorum brevis muscle
- extensor hallucis brevis muscle |
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Which muscles of leg are supplied by tibial nerve? Deep group:
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(Populär Hallick Dog Tyvärr) Posterior compartment.
- popliteus muscle - flexor hallucis longus muscle - flexor digitorum longus muscle - tibialis posterior muscle |
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Which muscles of the leg are supplied by the peroneal nerve?
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The anterior compartment of the leg:
- tibialis anterior - extensor hallucis longus - extensor digitorum longus - peroneus longus - peroneus brevis - peroneus tertius |
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Which muscles of the thigh are supplied by obturator nerve
(L2 - L4)? |
Adductor longus muscle
Adductor brevis muscle Adductor magnus muscle & Pectineus muscle Gracilis muscle Obturator externus muscle |
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Pectineus is supplied by femoral nerve together with what other nerve?
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Obturator nerve
(L2 - L4) |
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Which muscles of the thigh are supplied by femoral nerve
(L2-L4)? |
- iliacus muscle
- sartorius muscle - pectineus muscle - quadriceps muscle - rectus femoris - vastus medialis - vastus lateralis - vastus intermedius |
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Which muscles of hip and thigh are suplied by superior gluteal nerve
(L4-S1)? |
- gluteus medius muscle
- gluteus minimus muscle - tensor fasciae latae muscle |
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The tarsal tunnel Contains what?
Tom Drives A Very Nervous Horse! |
Tibialis posterior muscle
flexor Digitorum longus muscle posterior tibial Artery posterior tibial Vein tibial Nerve flexor Hallucis longus muscle Lumbosacral plexus |
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Flexor retinaculum Helps form what?
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The tarsal tunnel. (medial)
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Muscles of pes anserinus are innervated by what nerves?
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SGT FOT (sergeant FOT)
Sartorius - Femoral Gracilis - Obturator nerve semiTendinosus - Tibial part of sciatic nerve (at the medial border of the tibial tuberocity) |
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Popliteal vessels leave the popliteal fossa through what?
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Tendinous arch of soleus muscle
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Popliteal fossa
Contains what? |
Anna Vill Tokknulla Calle
- popliteal Artery - popliteal Vein - Tibial nerve - Common peroneal nerve |
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Popliteal fossa
How is it bounded? |
superomedially
semitendinosus semimembranosus superolaterally biceps femoris inferolaterally lat. head of gastrocnemius plantaris muscle inferomedially med. head of gastrocnemius floor femur oblique popliteal ligament popliteus muscle |
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Adductor canal Contains what?
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- femoral artery
- femoral vein - saphenous nerve - descending genicular artery (- nerve to vastus medialis) |
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Femoral triangle How is it bounded?
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superiorly
inguineal ligament medially adductor longus laterally sartorius floor iliopsoas pectineus |
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Femoral canal Contains what?
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- fat
- areolar connective tissue - lymph nodes |
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Vascular lacuna Bounded by what?
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anteriorly
inguineal ligament posteriorly pectineal ligament medially lacunar ligament laterally iliopectineal arch iliacus fascia |
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vascular lacuna and muscular lacuna is in what arch?
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iliopectineal arch
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Iliotibial tract What is its function?
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Helps to form
the fibrous capsule of the knee joint. It is also important in maintaining posture and locomotion. |
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What is the difference between capsules in hip-, knee- and ankle-joint?
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The hip- and knee-joint consist of
a fibrous capsule The ankle joint consist of an articular capsule |
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Which ligament supports the talocalcaneonavicular joint?
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The spring ligament
Capsules |
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Which ligaments supports the calcaneocuboid joint?
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- short plantar ligament
- long plantar ligament |
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Which joint is important talking about inversion and aversion?
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Transverse tarsal joint
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4 parts of medial ligament:
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- tibiotalar (anterior & posterior)
- tibiocalcaneal - tibionavicular |
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3 parts of lateral ligament:
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- talofibular (anterior & posterior)
- calcaneofibular |
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Ankle joint What type of joint?
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Hinge-type synovial joint
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These are parts of ”unhappy-triad”:
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- medial meniscus
- medial collateral ligament - anterior cruciate ligament |
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What is a big difference if you compare lateral with medial collateral ligament?
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m&m
medial meniscus is attached to medial collateral ligament |
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Knee joint What type of joint?
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Unlike elbow that has a hinge-joint the knee consist of
Condylar type of synovial joint |
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Which ligament is Y-formed in hip joint?
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Iliofemoral ligament
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Difference of male and female pubic arches?
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Female pelvis
Pubic arch 90-100º Male pelvis Subpubic angle approximately 70º |
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Describe fibrous joints!
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- joined by fibrous tissue
- no cavities - permitt little movement |
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Name the two subdivisions of fibrous joints!
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- Sutures
- Syndesmoses e.g. interosseous membrane) |
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Describe cartilaginous joints!
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- united by cartilage
- no joint cavity |
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What is the difference between primary and secondary cartilaginous joints?
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Primary are united by articular cartilage
Secondary are joined by fibrocartilage (ex. pubic symphysis) |
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Name all six subdivisions of synovial joints!
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- Plane joint
- Saddle joint - Ball & Socket joint - Hinge joint - Pivot joint - Condylar joint |
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Rotator cuff
Name all innervations of muscles involved! |
supraspinatus,infraspinatus -
suprascapular nerve (C5-C6) teres minor - axillary nerve (C5-C6) subscapularis - lower subscapular n. (C5-C6) and upper subscapular n. (C5-C6) |
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Quadrangular space
Transmitts what? |
-the axillary nerve
- the posterior humeral circumflex artery |
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Triangular space (lower)
Transmitts what? |
-radial nerve
- deep brachial artery |
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Brachial intermuscular septa
Divide the arm into: Consist of what? |
-medial intermuscular septa
- lateral intermuscular septa ——— - the anterior compartment (flexor compartment) - the posterior compartment (extensor compartment) |
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Cubital fossa
Bounded by what? |
medially
pronator teres muscle laterally brachioradialis muscle upper imaginary line from medial to lateral epicondyle floor supinator and brachialis |
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Cubital fossa Contains what?
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Lateral to medial:
Rally Bilar Bromsar Mest! - Radial nerve - Biceps brachii tendon - Brachial artery - Median nerve |
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Bicipital aponeurosis Lies on what?
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- brachial artery
- median nerve |
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Musculocutaneous nerve
Innervates which muscles? |
BBC
- Biceps Brachii muscle - Brachialis muscle - Coracobrachialis muscle |
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Musculocutaneous nerve
Penetrates which muscle? |
Coracobrachialis muscle
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Supinator
Is penetrated by which structure? |
deep branch of radial nerve
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Radial nerve Innervates which muscles in arm and forearm?
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1. BEST-muscles
- Brachioradialis - Extensor muscles of forearm (all!) - Supinator - Triceps brachi 2. Anconeus |
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Median nerve
Innervates which muscles in arm and forearm? |
All flexor muscles in forearm
except 2! Ulnaris + part of profundus |
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Common synovial flexor sheath also known as
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ulnar bursa
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radial bursa also known as
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synovial sheath for flexor pollicis longus
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Anatomical snuffbox
Is bounded by what? |
medially by
- the tendon of extensor pollicis longus muscle laterally by - the tendon of extensor pollicis brevis muscle - the tendon of abductor pollicis longus muscle floor by - scaphoid bone and trapezium bone crossed by - radial artery |
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Which muscles in the hand are innervated by the radial nerve?
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None.
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palmar & dorsal interosseous What are their actions?
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They all
flex MP joint extend IP joints But dorsal interosseous also abduct fingers And palmar interosseous also adduct fingers |
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What is a spinal nerve?
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A nerve that contains fibers that origins from the
grey matter of the spinal chord that is surrounded by white matter of the spinal chord. |
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The grey matter form
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- a dorsal root
- a ventral root |
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dorsal root emerges from
ventral root emerges from |
posterior horn
anterior horn |
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Brachial plexus
What are the different parts? |
Robert Taylor Drinks Cold Beer!
- Roots - Trunks - Divisions - Cords - Branches |
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Dorsal scapular nerve
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Rhomboid major & minor
Levator scapulae |
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Lat & med pectoral nerve
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Pectoralis major & minor
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Axillary nerve
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Deltoid
Teres minor |
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Lower subscapular nerve
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Subscapularis
Teres major |
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Upper subscapular nerve
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Subscapularis
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Musculocutaneous nerve
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Biceps Brachii
Brachialis Coracobrachialis |
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Musculocutaneous nerve continue into the forearm as what?
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Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve.
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In the cubital fossa the median nerve gives rise to what?
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anterior interosseous nerve.
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Name branches of radial nerve!
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Deep and superficial branch.
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The deep (radial) branch enters the forearm and forms what?
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Posterior interosseous nerve
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Axillary nerve gives rise to what?
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Lateral brachial cutaneous nerve
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Axillary artery Includes which arteries from medial to lateral?
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Susan Taylor Likes Sex And Pasta!
- Superior thoracic artery - Thoracoacromial artery - Lateral thoracic artery - Subscapular artery - Anterior humeral circumflex artery - Posterior humeral circumflex artery |
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Thoracoacromial artery
Includes which branches? |
Cadavers Are Dead People!
- Clavical branch - Acromial branch - Deltoid branch - Pectoral branch |
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Suprascapular notch
Name important structures! |
”The army goes over and the navy goes under the bridge!”
- suprascapular artery - superior transverse scapular ligament - suprascapular nerve |
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Posterior humeral circumflex artery is involved in how many anastomosis?
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3 with:
- anterior circumflex humeral artery - ascending branch of deep brachial artery - acromial branch of thoracoacromial artery |
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Deep profunda artery divides into what?
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- middle collateral artery
- radial collateral artery |
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Axillary artery starts and ends where?
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1st rib to
inferior border of teres major It then becomes brachial artery |
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Princeps pollicis artery divide into what?
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2 proper digital arteries for each side of the thumb.
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Radialis indicis artery arise from where?
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deep arch of princeps pollicis artery
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Deep palmar arch gives rise to how many palmar metacarpal arteries?
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3
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Anterior & posterior interosseous artery arise from where?
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Common interosseous artery, branch of ulnar artery.
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Anterior & posterior interosseous nerve arise from where?
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The radial nerve
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The posterior interosseous artery penetrates what structure?
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Interosseous membrane.
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