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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What allows a muscle to relax?
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acetylcholine
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Name three types of neurotransmitters
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dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine
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What are neutransmitter substances contained within?
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vesicles inside of terminal buttons
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What poison has the same molecular shape as acetylcholine?
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curare
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Term for botulism
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clostridium botulinus
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the name for the gap between neurons
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synapse
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the space itself between neurons
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synaptic cleft
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Impulses are transmitted away from the cell body by an---
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axon
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What is a nerve?
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A collection of axons
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Cell bodies of neurons which are grouped together in a mass
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ganglion
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The Central nervous system consists of--
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brain and spinal cord
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the PNS consists of--
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composed of mainly of axons and dendrites of sensory and motor neurons.
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What % of body weight is the brain?
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2.5
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What % of oxygen does the brain need?
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20-25
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What is the brain suspended in?
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CSF - cerebrospinal fluid
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How long would the brain last without oxygen?
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approx. 1 minute
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What is the tiniest division of blood cells called?
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capillaries
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What is the network of capillaries called around the brain?
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The blood-brain barrier
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What is the BBB's function?
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To allow only certain substances to get into the brain. What can get inside is what is called fat-soluble. Allows in water and sugar.
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What is inserted into the brain which later turns into something else?
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L-Dopa turns into dopamine.
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What is the brain sometimes referred to as?
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the cerebrum
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Name the four lobes of the brain and their functions
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frontal, parietal (speech), occipital (vision), temporal (auditory)
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name an area of the left frontal lobe and its function.
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Brocha's area after Paul Brocha. Has to do with moving the tongue, lips & mouth.
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If you damage the Brocha's area, what happens?
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Brocha's aphasia - person will have trouble talking
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what divides the brain into left/right hemispheres?
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longitudinal fissure
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what divides the brain into frontal/parietal lobes?
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fissure of Rolando
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What area is anterior to the fissure?
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motor cortex
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what area is posterior to the fissure?
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sensory cortex
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the outer covering of the brain and its color
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cerebral cortex - grey - cell bodies
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what color is the inside of the brain and why?
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white because it's axons
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separates frontal/temporal lobes
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Fissures of Sylvius
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A small groove on the cerebral cortex
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sulcus (sulci)
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A convolution or a ridge that are the actual matter of the brain
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gyrus (gyri)
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A big thick band of nerve fibers which crisscross back and forth between both sides of the hemisphere, holding the two hemispheres together.
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Corpus callosum
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What color is the spinal cord
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White on the outside (axons) grey on the inside (cell bodies)
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the three special membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. The order in which they are arranged is important.
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Meninges:
dura mater, arachnoid, subarachnoid space, dura mater |
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What is the subarachnoid space? What is it filled with and what is its function?
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helps to provide nutrients to the brain. Also acts as a cushion to keep the brain protected against jostling and concussions and such thing.
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Occasionally, the aqueducts through which the fluid passes can become clogged, causing the CSF to accumulate in the brain. This results in---
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hydrocephalus
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What other than oxygen does the brain constantly need?
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glucose
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a system of 4 chambers deep within the brain. They are filled all the time with cerebrospinal fluid
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Ventricles
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a network of capillaries (or nerves) within the ventricles-- what is this and what is its function?
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choroid plexus. The CSF is made here.
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Bleeding in the brain is called--
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subdural hematoma
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An involuntary increase in the speed of the person’s walking in advanced Parkinson’s disease.
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festination (festinating gait)
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Bleeding
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hemorrahge
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Another name for the cerebellum
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little brain
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What is the cerebellum associated with?
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muscle coordination and equilibrium.
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A lack of muscle coordination that occurs when the cerebellum is injured
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ataxia
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Medulla oblangata's function
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regulates breathing
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Interior portion of the ventricles
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cella
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The band of fibers similar to the corpus callosum that separates the two halves of the cerebellum.
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Vermis
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The upper most portion of the spinal cord, or the very beginning of the spinal cord at the base of the brain
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medulla oblangata
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Ascending nerve cells--
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afferent/sensory
Moves TO your brain to alert you of a sensation (hot, cold, pain) |
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Descending nerve cells--
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efferent/motor
Moves FROM your brain to tell you to move something. (arm, leg etc.) |
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what is heavily concentrated in the posterior region of the spinal cord?
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sensory axons/fibers
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what is heavily concentrated inthe anterior portion of the spinal cord?
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motor axons/fibers
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reflex arc
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an impulse that does not go all the way up to the brain. It is mediated within the spinal cord.
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Lou Gehrig's disease - what is it and what is it's real name?
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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or ALS
Condition in which the motor neurons degenerate in the spinal cord. The result is gradual paralysis |
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Condition in which one side of the face is paralyzed - not permanent.
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Bell's palsy
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Occurs in the last stage of syphilis - describe and name
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tabes dorsalis -
Loss of sense of touch, can't walk, ataxia |
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What is the sac called that extends along with the dura mater down PAST the spinal cord?
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lumbar cistern
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What is the lumbar cistern's significance, medically?
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Spinal taps are taken from this area
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the strand of nerves which leave the termination of the spinal cord
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cauda equina
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The point where the nerve leaves the vertebrae -- its name and the medical term
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nerve root
radicle |
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The little hole on each side of a vertebrae that allows a nerve to exit.
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intervertebral foramen
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allows the spinal cord to go through
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spinal foramen
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Inflammation of a nerve root
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radiculitis
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bruise
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ecchymosis
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blister
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bleb
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Any escape of fluid from a vessel
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extravasation
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pit of one's stomach
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solar plexus
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network of nerves
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plexus
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drooping eyelid
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blepharoptosis
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condition involving birth--
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Erb's palsy-- nerves are damaged in the neck region, resulting in paralysis of the neck/face area.
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