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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Axial skeleton
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Composed of bones of the body's central axis
(skull, vertebral column, rib cage) |
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Appendicular skeleton
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composed of bones of the upper and lower appendages and bones attaching them to the axial skeleton.
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# of bones in the axial skeleton
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80
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2 Major regions of the skull
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Cranium and facial
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# of bones in the cranium
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8
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Immovable joints
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sutures
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Cranial roof is formed by:
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frontal bone, 2 parietal bones, occipital bones
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Frontal bone contains:
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supraorbital foramen and frontal sinus
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Occipital bone contains:
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foramen magnum and occipital condyles
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Forms the lateral walls of the cranium
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temporal bones
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brings sound waves into the skull
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external auditory meatus
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Areas of the temporal bones
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Squamous, petrous, mastoid, zygomatic
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butterfly-shape bone, forms anterior internal floor of cranium
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sphenoid bone
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depression where the temporal bone articulates with a process of the mandible
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mandibular fossa
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pituitary gland lies within
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sella turcica
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Orbital fissure
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a slit in the superior aspect of the sphenoid bone that blood vessels and nerves pass through.
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Fissure
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A split between two bones
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Foramen
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A hole within a bone
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Meatus
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Tube-like passageway in a bone
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Sinus
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cavity within a bone
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Fossa
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Simple depression or hollowing in a bone.
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Sulcus
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Groove that may contain a blood vessel, nerve, or tendon
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Condyle
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large, convex protrusion at the end of a bone.
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Head
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Round protrusion separated from the rest of a bone by a neck (e.g. head of the femur)
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Facet
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flat, smooth surface
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Crest
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Ridge on a bone
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Epicondyle
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Second protrusion above a condyle
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Line
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Less prominent ridge on a bone
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Tubercle
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Small, round protrusion
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Tuberosity
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Large, roung, and roughened protrusion
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Trochanter
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Large protrusion
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Bone which separates the nasal cavity from the remainder of the cranium
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ethmoid bone
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Process by which olfactory nerves pass from the nose to the brain
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ethmoid process
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Bone where holes which olfactory nerves pass through
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cribriform plates
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Projects upward between the cribiform plates
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crista galli
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Membranous areas in infants
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fontanels
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# of facial bones
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14
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Bones which form the bridge of the nose
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Nasal bones
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Bone that divides the nose into left/right chambers
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Vomer bone/nasal septum
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Plates which form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
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inferior nasal conchae
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Two bones that support the face and form cheekbones
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zygomatic bones
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2 bones found near the medial corners of the eye
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lacrimal bones
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Two bones forming the upper jaw
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maxillae (sing. maxilla)
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Sinuses formed by the maxillae
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maxillary sinuses
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forms posterior portion of the hard palate
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palatine bones
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Lower jaw
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mandible
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Projection on the end of each mandible (2 parts)
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mandibular condyle and the coronoid process
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Cheek bones
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Malar
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containe upper teeth
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superior maxillae
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line of juncture of the two halves of the lower jaw
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symphysis mentis
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contained in the mandible
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temporomandibular joint
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branch of the upper jaw
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ramus
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# of each kind of vertebrae
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7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 1 sacrum, 1 coccyx
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unfused vertebrae are separated by:
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intervertebral disks
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disks which are bulged out of shape
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herniated disk
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abnormal side-ways curve
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scoliosis
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thoracic curve
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kyphosis (hunchback)
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exaggerated curve of the lumbar area
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lordosis
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Osteoarthritis
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arthritis occuring from "wear and tear:
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akylosing
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abnormal fusion of the joints
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spondylitis
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inflammation within the joints
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Pannus
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extra bone material that causes joints to fuse
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Spondylolysis
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LYS – to break down, to disintegrate, to dissolve, to loosen. A fracture to a certain part of a vertebra.
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Spondylolisthesis
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forward displacement of a lumbar intervertebral disk. “pushes forward”
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Spondylosyndesis
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surgical procedure of the vertebra
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autoimmune disease
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very bad imflammation
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extends behind the body to enclose and protect the spinal cord as it passes through the opening in the arch
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vertebral arch
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Opening in the vertebra
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vertebral foramen
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sites of attachment for many back muscles as well as ligmanets holding the vertebral column together
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spinous processes and transverse processes and the superior/inferior articular processes
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forms the vertebral arch
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two pedicles
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Openings in the pedicles
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intervertebral foramina
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Two kinds of cervical vertebrae and their processes
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1) Atlas (balances and supports the head). Has 2 processes called facts.
2) Axis. - has the odontoid process which helps the head rotate |
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Section of the vertebrae between the spinous process and the transverse process
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Lamina
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another name for atlas
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C1
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another name for axis
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C2
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another name for thoracic vertebrae
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dorsal vertebrae
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another name for body
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centrum,
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another name for spinal cord
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vertebral foraman
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Help to keep the back erect
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Erector spinae muscles
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annulus fibrosis
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disk that acts as a cushion
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jam-like substnace in the annulus fibrosis
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nucleus pulposus
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