Anatomy Unit 3 Phonantion

Front 1

How do humans produce sound?

Back 1

Use of organs that do not have primary biological function of speech production. 1. force to set object into vibration. 2. object elastic enough to vibrate 3. medium that is able to propagate a sound wave.

Front 2

Production of sound: force

Back 2

provided by respiration

Front 3

Production of sound: vibrating obj

Back 3

"flow of air through the glottis, complemented by the layered structure of the vocal folds, wich produce a mucosal wave. "

Front 4

Biologic function of larynx

Back 4

protect the lungs

Front 5

biologic function of respiration

Back 5

gas exchange oxygen to co2

Front 6

Larynx and respiration

Back 6

"superior continuation of respiratiory passage, sits on top of trachea, cartilaginous (one bone) system linked by membranes"

Front 7

Larynx

Back 7

divided into: vestibule; ventriclee of morgagni and inferior division

Front 8

Laryx Vestibule

Back 8

"vestibule, superior subdivision, extends from superior opeing to larylnx to ventricricular/false folds"

Front 9

Larynx Ventricle of Morgagni

Back 9

extends from fentricular folds to the true vocal folds

Front 10

larynx inferior division

Back 10

from vocal folds to trachea

Front 11

Larynx framwork

Back 11

"9 cartilages and one bone. All cartilage (except epiglottis) is hyaline cartilage. Epiglottis is elastic. Cartilages are connected by ligaments, one bone is hyoid bone"

Front 12

Hyoid bone

Back 12

"not attached to any other bone, shped like horseshoe, larynx is suspended from this bone, Exernal (extrinsic) laryngeal muscles are attached to it, serves as support for tongue and larynx."

Front 13

Thyroid cartilage

Back 13

largest cartilage of larnx. Two laminae (surfaces) join anteriorly to form an angle (angle of thyroid/adams apple). In men the thyroid angle is more acute resulting in a more prominent Adam's Apple.

Front 14

Cornua

Back 14

posterior border of each lamin extend upwrd to form hornlike structures. Attaching indirectly to the hyoid. Inferiorly the cornua continues and attaches to the posterior aspect of the criicoid arch.

Front 15

Cricoid cartilage

Back 15

"shaped like a signet ring, narrow convex ring anteriorly and posteriorly a large lamina forming the signet"

Front 16

Arytenoid Cartilage

Back 16

paired that rest on the superior border of the cricoid lamina. Shaped like pyramids. Apex curves posteriorly. Two processes. Vocal folds attach on one process and a muscle attaches on the other.

Front 17

Arytenoid Cartilage

Back 17

"can rock, slide and rotate"

Front 18

Corniculate Cartilages

Back 18

"two pyramidal shaped notules, loced on the apex of each arytenoid. FX: protect arytenoid"

Front 19

Cuneiform

Back 19

rod shaped elastic cartilage found in posterior aryepiglottic folds to support that membrane. Highly variable insize and number among individuals

Front 20

Eppiglottis

Back 20

"leaf like structure bound by ligaments to thebase of the tongue, walls or pharynx and thyroid cartilage"

Front 21

Epiglottis

Back 21

closes off the laryngeal airway and deflects the bolus of food posteriorly into the esophagus during swallowing. Once it was related to breathing by acting to seal the airway and prevent the intake of substance

Front 22

Laryngeal membranes

Back 22

"these are extrinsic memranes and ligaments that connect the laryngeal cartilages, hyoid bone and trachea. "

Front 23

Thyrohyoid membrane

Back 23

Thyrohyoid membrane connects the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone

Front 24

conus elasticus membrane

Back 24

anteriorly connects the cricoid cartilage to the thyroid cartilage

Front 25

Sternocleidomastoid

Back 25

"considered a laryngeal muscle; supports larynx and entire neck region, part of respiration"

Front 26

Muscles of Larynx

Back 26

"divided into tow groups: extrinsic(support larynx, attachment outside larynx) and intrinsic (control movement in larynx, origin and insertion within the larynx. "

Front 27

Extrinsic and intrisic muscles of larynx

Back 27

"function as antagonist to stabilize the hyoid bone and (since it is attached to the hyoid bone, the larynx."

Front 28

Extrinsic Laryngeal muscles

Back 28

called strap muscles. FX: move larynx as a whole structure. Divided into suprahyoid and infrahyoid.

Front 29

Suprahyoid muscles

Back 29

diatrinsic (paired) consists of two muscular sections (bellies) joined by a tendon

Front 30

Digatrinsic

Back 30

FX Depress the mandible and stabilize the larynx via the hyoid bone. Posterior belly is very active during mastication and swallowing

Front 31

Stylohyoid Muscle

Back 31

slender muscles lying roughly parallel to the posterior belly of the digatrinsic muscle

Front 32

mylohyid

Back 32

sheet of muscles that forms the floor of the mouth