Anatomy Unit 22: Deep Face, Infratemporal Fossa

Front 1

Boundaries of Temporal Fossa

Back 1

Superior and Posterior: Temporal lines
Anterior: Frontal and Zygomatic bones
Inferior: Zygomatic arch and infratemporal crest of sphenoid
Medial: Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, bones and greater wing of sphenoid
Lateral: Temporalis Fascia

Front 2

Contents of Temporal Fossa

Back 2

-Temporalis muscle and its fascia
-Nerve and blood supply of temporalis muscle
-Fat

Front 3

Boundaries of Infratemporal Fossa

Back 3

Anterior: Posterior surface of maxilla
Posterior: Tympanic plate, mastoid and styloid processes
Superior: Infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid
Medial: Lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid
Lateral: Rammus and coronoid process of mandible

Front 4

Infratemporal Fossa communications with other regions

Back 4

Superolaterally - Temporal fossa via gap bounded by zygomatic arch
Anteriorly - Orbit via inferior orbital fissure
Medially - Pterygoid fossa via pterygomaxillary fissure
Superiorly - Middle cranial fossa via foramen ovale and foramen spinosum
Inferiorly - Neck

Front 5

Contents of Infratemporal fossa

Back 5

-Medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
-Maxillary artery and branches
-Pterygoid plexus of veins
-Mandibular nerve and its branches
-Otic ganglion
-Chorda tympani
-Posterior superior alveolar nerves and vessels

Front 6

Otic Ganglion

Back 6

Parasympatheic ganglion containing postganglionic neurons which recieve preganglionnic neurons from the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9) via the lesser petrosal nerve.

Front 7

Chorda Tympani

Back 7

Branch of facial nerve. Contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibers destined for submandibular gland. Also contains taste sensory fibers for anterior 2/3s of tongue. Cell bodies are in geniculate ganglion. Hooks up with lingual nerve.

Front 8

Masseter Muscle

Back 8

Origin: Inferior and medial surface of zygomatic arch
Inserts: Lateral surface of ramus and angle of mandible
Action: Closes mouth by elevating mandible, protrudes mandible
Innervation: Mandibular division of Trigeninal Nerve

Front 9

Temporalis Muscle

Back 9

Origin: Temporal Fossa and temporalis fascia
Inserts: Coronoid process and anterior border of rammus of mandible
Action: Closes mouth by elevating mandible
Innvervation: Mandibular region of trigeminal nerve

Front 10

Medial Pterygoid Muscle

Back 10

Origin: Large head - medial side of lateral ptreygoid plate
Small head - tuberosity of maxilla
Inserts: Medial surface of rammus and angle of mandible
Action: Closes mouth by elevating the mandible; protrudes mandible
Innervation: Mandibular branch of trigeminal Nerve

Front 11

Lateral Pterygoid muscle

Back 11

Origin: Superior Head - Infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid
Inferior head - Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
Inserts: TMJ capsule and condylar process of mandible
Action: Opens mouth, protrudes mandible, moves mandible laterally
Innervation: Mandibular branch of trigemnial nerve

Front 12

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Bones

Back 12

Head of mandible, mandibular fossa of temporal bone, articular tubercle of temporal bone.

Front 13

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Ligaments

Back 13

Lateral temporomandibular ligament - Lateral thickening of loose capsular ligament
Sphenomandibular Ligament - From spine of sphenoid to lingula of mandible
Stylomandibular Ligament - From styloid process to angle of mandible
Fibrocartilagenous disk divides synovial cavity; is thicker at perimeter.

Front 14

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
Nerve Supply

Back 14

Auriculotemporal Nerve and Nerve to the masseter muscle

Front 15

Sphenomandibular Ligament

Back 15

From spine of sphenoid to the lingulaof mandible. A thickening of investing fascia that covers the pterygoid muscles. Maxillary artery travels between ligament and neck of mandible.

Front 16

Stylomandibular Ligament

Back 16

From styloid process to angle of mandible. A thickening portion of investing fascia of the parotid. Seperates parotid gland from submandibular gland.

Front 17

Maxillary Artery Path

Back 17

Travels between mandible and spenomandibular ligament in the infratemporal fossa. Gives off branches and leaves infratemporal fossa for pterygopalatine fossa via pterygomaxillary fissure.

Front 18

Middle Meningeal Artery

Back 18

Auriculotemporal nerve passes around it. Enters foramen spinosum which connects infratemporal fossa and cranial fossa. Is major blood supply for dura matter. Is the large artery seen when calvaria is removed.

Front 19

Accessory Meningeal Artery

Back 19

Passes through foramen ovale and supplies dura and trigeminal ganglion.

Front 20

Inferior Alveolar Artery

Back 20

Travels with inferior alveolar artery, enters mandible via mandibular foramen, and supplies lower teeth. Leaves mandible as mental artery to supply skin over mandible.

Front 21

Masseteric Artery

Back 21

Passes through mandibular notch to masseter muscle.

Front 22

Anterior/Posterior deep temporal arteries

Back 22

Enter deep surface of temporal muscle.

Front 23

Pterygoid branches

Back 23

Supply lateral and medial ptreygoid muscles.

Front 24

Buccal Artery

Back 24

Supplies buccinator

Front 25

Pterygoid plexus of veins

Back 25

Surrounds pterygoid muscles. Communicates with cavernous sinus by an emissary vein.
Communicates with inferior opthalmic vein via inferior orbital fissure.
Communicates with facial vein via the deep facial vein
Empties into maxillary vein.