Anatomy Unit 1: Vertebral Column And Pelvis

Front 1

Cervical Vertebrae (Number, names)

Back 1

-7 vertebrae
-atlas, axis, C3-C7

Front 2

Number of Thoracic vertebrae

Back 2

-12
- T1-T12

Front 3

Number of Lumbar Vertebrae

Back 3

-5
- L1-L5

Front 4

Sacrum

Back 4

-5 fused vertebrae
-below lumbar and above coccyx

Front 5

Coccyx

Back 5

-4 fused vertebrae
-below sacrum

Front 6

Vertebral Column Sections

Back 6

-Cervical (7)
-Thoracic (12)
-Lumbar (5)
-Sacrum (5 fused)
-Coccyx (4 fused)

Front 7

Where is the costal facet?

Back 7

-there are two costal facets on the body of the thoracic vertebrae

Front 8

What is the purpose of the costal facet?

Back 8

Articulation with the respective rib

Front 9

What attaches to the vertebral body and what is its purpose?

Back 9

-posterior and anterior longitudinal ligaments
-stabilize intervertebral joints

Front 10

What is the origin and insertion of the psoas major?

Back 10

-origin is on transverse process of L1-L5 (superficial section origin is lateral surfaces of T12-L4)
-joins other muscles and inserts at the lesser trochanter of the femur

Front 11

Functions of Psoas major?

Back 11

-flexion/external rotation of hip joint
-bend trunk laterally
-lift trunk from supine

Front 12

What forms the vertebral canal and what is its function?

Back 12

-alignment of the vertebral foramen on consecutive vertebrae
-protection of the spinal cord

Front 13

What forms the intervertebral foramen and what is its function?

Back 13

-the inferior notch of one vertebra and the superior notch of the following vertebra
-allow for the passage of spinal nerves and radicular vessels

Front 14

What is the Ligamentum flava?

Back 14

Ligament that extends from lamina to lamina

Front 15

What ligaments attach the spinous processes together?

Back 15

Infra spinous and supra spinous

Front 16

Where is the costotubercular facet and what is its function?

Back 16

-lateral edge of the transverse process
-articulation with rib

Front 17

What is the purpose of the articular facets?

Back 17

-the superior facet of one vertebra articulates with the inferior facet of the adjacent vertebra

Front 18

What are the transversospinalis and where are they/where do they attach?

Back 18

-deep to the erector spinae
-attach at trasverse process of one vertebra and pass to spinous process of more superior vertebra
-rotate/extend vertebral column

Front 19

Levator scapulae attachment and function

Back 19

-origin of dorsal edge of transverse process of C1-C4 and inserts on superior angle and adjacent medial border
-lift the scapula

Front 20

extrinsic vs. intrinsic back muscles

Back 20

-extrinsic: superficial or intermediate that produce and control limb and respiratory movements
-intrinsic: deep muscles that act on the vertebral column, produce movement and maintain posture

Front 21

Extrinsic back muscles(& attachments)

Back 21

-trapezius (spinous process)
-latissmus dorsi (spinous process)
-levator scapulae (attached to C1-4 transverse processes)
-rhomboid (spinous process)

Front 22

Where are the interspinous and supraspinous ligaments?

Back 22

-interspinous=between spinous processes
-supraspinous=connects dorsal edge of spinous processes

Front 23

What is the erector spinae and where does it attach?

Back 23

-group of muscles that lie in the groove on each side of the vertebral column between the spinous processes centrally and the angles of the ribs laterally
-chief extensor of the vertebral column

Front 24

What is the spinalis?

Back 24

-the medial column of the erector spinae
-thus attached at the spinous processes

Front 25

What is the nuchal ligament and where is it located?

Back 25

-connects spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae
-acts as the supraspinous ligament for the cervical spine

Front 26

What is the base of the sacrum and what is its function?

Back 26

-first body of S1 and the superior articular processes
-articulate with L5

Front 27

What attaches to the sacral promonotory

Back 27

-anterior longitudinal ligament

Front 28

What is a sacral ala?

Back 28

-L. wing
-flat, wing-like projections from the S1 vertebra

Front 29

Piriformis attachment and function

Back 29

-origin on the portions of bone between foramen of S1-S4 and greater sciatic notch (pelvic bone)
-attaches to greater trochanter through tendon
-lateral rotation and abduction of femur
-important in walking because shifts weight to the opposite side of the foot being lifted

Front 30

Where are the pelvic sacral foramina and what is their function?

Back 30

-anterior face of sacrum
-transmit ventral rami of sacral nerves and lateral sacral arteries

Front 31

What muscles/ligaments attach to the dorsal surface of the sacrum

Back 31

-erector spinae
-gluteus maximus
-sacrotuberous ligament
-sacrospinous ligament

Front 32

sacrospinous ligament vs. sacrotuberous ligament

Back 32

-both attach sacrum to pelvis
-sacrotub=posterior sacrum to tuberosity of the ischium
-sacropin=deep to sacrotub, posterior sacrum to ischial spine

Front 33

Where are the dorsal sacral foramina and what is their function?

Back 33

-posterior side of sacrum
-transmit dorsal rami of sacral nerves

Front 34

What is the function of the sacral apex?

Back 34

articulate with the coccyx

Front 35

What is the function of the sacral canal?

Back 35

house the sacral spinal roots

Front 36

What muscle attaches to the coccyx?

Back 36

-coccygeus muscle (attached to spine of the ischium)

Front 37

What attaches to the iliac crest?

Back 37

-iliacus
-latissimus dorsi
-tensor fasciae latae

Front 38

iliacus attachment and function

Back 38

-attach at iliac crest and joins psoas major at lesser trochanter of femur
-flexing femur forward or lifting trunk from supine

Front 39

latissmus dorsi attachment and function

Back 39

-iliac crest

Front 40

tensor fasciae latae attachment and function

Back 40

-attachment at iliac crest
-inserted between layers of iliotibial band
-helps brace knee and muscles of thigh
-attaches at lateral condyle of tibia

Front 41

Anterior superior iliac spine location and attachments

Back 41

-adjacent to crest but anterior to it
-inguinal ligament
-sartorius
-tensor fascia latae muscle

Front 42

inguinal ligament

Back 42

-runs from pubic tubercule to anterior superior iliac spine
-contains soft tissue as they run from abdomen to lower extremities

Front 43

sartorius

Back 43

-attached at superior anterior iliac spine and runs obliquely across thigh, crossing distal end of femur medially, ending in a tendon connected to tibia
-"tailors muscle" b/c of crossing legs or inseam measure
-hip flex, abd/add, lateral rotation and knee flex

Front 44

Anterior inferior iliac spine location and attachments

Back 44

-inferior to superior iliac spine
-rectus femoris
-iliofemoral ligament

Front 45

What attaches to the posterior superior iliac spine?

Back 45

-gluteus maximus

Front 46

Function of the greater sciatic notch (general)?

Back 46

-transmits muscles, blood vessels, and nerves to gluteal region/lower extremities

Front 47

Which muscles are transmitted by greater sciatic notch?

Back 47

-piriformis

Front 48

Which blood vessels are transmitted by greater sciatic notch?

Back 48

-superior/inferior gluteal arteries and veins
-internal pudendal art/veins

Front 49

Which nerves are transmitted by greater sciatic notch?

Back 49

-sciatic
-pudendal
-superior/inferior gluteal

Front 50

Which muscles attach the gluteal surface of the ilium?

Back 50

-gluteus maximas
-gluteus medius
-gluteus minimis

Front 51

What attaches to the iliac fossa?

Back 51

iliacus

Front 52

What is the function of the articular surface of the ilium?

Back 52

articulate with the sacrum

Front 53

What attaches to the iliac tuberosity?

Back 53

-ligaments that attach ilium and sacram:
-dorsal sacroiliac, interosseous sacroiliac and iliolumbar ligament
-quadratus lumborum muscle

Front 54

What attaches to the pubic crest?

Back 54

-rectus abdominis muscle
-adductor longus muscle

Front 55

What attaches to the pubic tubercule?

Back 55

-inguinal ligament

Front 56

What attaches to the superior pubic ramus?

Back 56

-pectineus muscle
-obturator internus and externus muscles
-pubofemoral ligament

Front 57

What attaches to the pectin pubis?

Back 57

-conjoined tendon (connects with ab obliques and supports inguinal area)
-lacunar and pectineal ligaments

Front 58

What is the function of the obturator groove?

Back 58

-transmit the obturator nerve and blood vessels

Front 59

What attaches to the iliopubic eminence?

Back 59

-pubofemoral ligament

Front 60

What is the rectus abdominis?

Back 60

-abdominal muscles
-separated by connective tissues
-run from pubis to xiphoid process

Front 61

What attaches to the external surface of the inferior pubis ramus?

Back 61

-gracilis
-adductor brevis
-obturator externus

Front 62

Adductor muscles of the hip & general origin/insertion & associated nerve

Back 62

-adductor longus
-adductor brevis
-adductor magnus/minimus
-pectineous
-gracilis
-obturator externus
-origin at hip, intsertion on femur or tibia
-obturator nerve

Front 63

What is attached to the interior surface of the pubic ramus?

Back 63

-obturator internus muscle

Front 64

Function/location of the lesser sciatic notch?

Back 64

-posterior superior area of ischium; inferior to ischial spine
-transmits obturator internus tendon
-transmits pudendal nerve
-transmits internal pudendal blood vessels

Front 65

What attaches to the ischial spine?

Back 65

-sacrospinous ligament
-superior gemellus muscle

Front 66

What attaches to the anterior surface of the ischial ramus?

Back 66

-obturator externus muscle
-adductor magnus muscle

Front 67

What attaches to the posterior surface of the ischial ramus?

Back 67

-obturator internus muscle

Front 68

What attaches to the tuberosity of the ischium?

Back 68

-sacrotuberous ligament
-gemellus inferior
-adductor magnus (hip adductor)
-semimembranous and semitendinosus muscles
-biceps femoris and quadratus femoris

Front 69

What is the function of the obturator foramen?

Back 69

-transmit the obturator nerve and blood vessels

Front 70

Obturator foramen attachments

Back 70

-obturator internus and externus muscles

Front 71

Acetabulum attachments

Back 71

-rectus femoris muscle
-fibrous joint capsule
-ischiofemoral ligament

Front 72

Function of the lunate surface of the acetabulum

Back 72

-articulation with the head of the femus

Front 73

Attachments to notch of the acetabulum

Back 73

-ligament of head of the femur (teres)